ASTM_C_577_-_07_2014.pdf

Designation:C57707(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forPermeability of Refractories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C577;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the permeabil-ity of refractory brick and monoliths,from which suitablespecimens can be cut,at room temperature.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsThe apparatus used in this standard isonly available in SI units(Section 4).Also,some of thecalculations must use SI units only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1095 Practice for Calculating Precision Data on Refracto-ries(C08)From Interlaboratory Test Results(Withdrawn1998)33.Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used to measure the rate of flow ofair or nitrogen through refractory brick and monoliths and tothus determine the permeability of tested products.3.2 This test method is useful in research and developmentfor establishing the relative permeability of products withincomparable classes.It may also be used to identify acceptableproducts for design purposes and to establish permeabilitycriteria for specification acceptance.3.3 It must be recognized that permeability can vary indifferent directions and different parts of a refractory due tofactors such as forming procedure,grain size and distribution,and heat treatment.4.Apparatus4.1 The apparatus shall provide a leakproof system fortesting 2 in.(51 mm)cubes held in a pressurized rubber gasket,with means for controlling gas pressure and measuring gasflow.Figs.1-3 illustrate a suitable apparatus.4The apparatusconsists of the following components:4.1.1 Permeating Medium,air or nitrogen with regulator-controlled inlet pressure.4.1.2 Drier Tubes,each filled with a desiccant and strainer;used to remove any water or dirt from the gas before enteringthe flowmeters.4.1.3 FlowmetersThey will measure the flow of permeat-ing media in the range from 0 to 9000 cm3/min.The flowme-ters may be calibrated to read the flow directly of either air ornitrogen.The range for each flowmeter is shown in Fig.1.4.1.4 ManometerA multiple scale digital manometer shallbe used to measure the differential pressure across the speci-men.4.1.5 Rubber Specimen-Sealing GasketThe gasket(Fig.2)is made to fit tightly around a 2 by 2 by 2 in.(51 by 51 by 51mm)test specimen.The two tapered metal-gasket holders(Fig.3)enclose the rubber gasket,and are compressed with ahydraulic jack(Fig.4)to seal the gasket tightly against the testspecimen.5.Specimen Preparation5.1 One 2 by 2 by 2 in.(51 by 51 by 51 mm)specimen shallbe cut from each of four pieces constituting the sample ofmaterial to be tested.The specimen should be cut in such amanner as to fit snugly into the gasket.5.2 The specimens shall be cut so that three originalsurfaces are retained.In cases where it is desirable to determinethe permeability of specimens that show directional differencesin permeability,the original surfaces shall be identified,and the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved March 1,2014.Published March 2014.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C577 07.DOI:10.1520/C0577-07R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4The apparatus is described in Eusner,G.R.,and Shapland,J.T.,“Permeabilityof Blast-Furnace Refractories,”Journal Am.Ceramic Soc.,Vol.42,No.10,1959,pp.459464.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 FIG.1 Permeability ApparatusC577 07(2014)2 values determined separately for each direction of gas flow.5.3 The specimens shall be dried for 16 h at 220 to 230F(105 to 110C)and cooled to room temperature before testing.FIG.1 Permeability Apparatus(continued)SI Equivalentsin.1151624mm4951102FIG.2 Rubber Specimen-Sealing GasketSI Equivalentsin.142124mm664102FIG.3 Tapered Stainless Steel Gasket