ASTM_C_146_-_94a_2014.pdf

Designation:C14694a(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Methods forChemical Analysis of Glass Sand1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C146;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of glasssands.Theyareusefulforeitherhigh-silicasands(99%+silica(SiO2)or for high-alumina sands containing asmuch as 12 to 13%alumina(Al2O3).Generally nonclassical,the test methods are rapid and accurate.They include thedetermination of silica and of total R2O3(see 11.2.4),and theseparate determination of total iron as iron oxide(Fe2O3),titania(TiO2),chromium oxide(Cr2O3),zirconia(ZrO2),andignition loss.Included are procedures for the alkaline earthsand alkalies.High-alumina sands may contain as much as 5 to6%total alkalies and alkaline earths.It is recommended thatthe alkalies be determined by flame photometry and thealkaline earths by absorption spectrophotometry.1.2 These test methods,if followed in detail,will provideinterlaboratory agreement of results.NOTE1For additional information,see Test Methods C169 andPractices E50.1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:Procedures for Referee Analysis:SectionSilica(SiO2)Double Dehydration10Total R2O3Gravimetric11Fe2O3,TiO2,ZrO2,Cr2O3,by Photometric Methods andAl2O3by Complexiometric Titration12 17Preparation of the Sample for Determination of IronOxide,Titania,Alumina,and Zirconia12Iron Oxide(as Fe2O3)by 1,10-Phenanthroline Method13Titania(TiO2)by the Tiron Method14Alumina(Al2O3)by the CDTA Titration Method15Zirconia(ZrO2)by the Pyrocatechol Violet Method16Chromium Oxide(Cr2O3)by the 1,5-Diphenylcarbo-hydrazide Method17Procedures for Routine Analysis:Silica(SiO2)Single Dehydration19Al2O3,CaO,and MgOAtomic Absorption Spec-trophotometry2025Na2O and K2OFlame Emission Spectrophotometry26-27Loss on Ignition(LOI)281.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C169 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soda-Limeand Borosilicate GlassC429 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Raw Materials forGlass ManufactureD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE50 Practices for Apparatus,Reagents,and Safety Consid-erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals,Ores,andRelated MaterialsE60 Practice for Analysis of Metals,Ores,and RelatedMaterials by Spectrophotometry2.2 Other Documents:NIST Special Publication 26033.Significance and Use3.1 These test methods can be used to ensure that thechemical composition of the glass sand meets the composi-tional specification required for this raw material.3.2 These test methods do not preclude the use of othermethods that yield results within permissible variations.In anycase,the analyst should verify the procedure and techniqueused by means of a National Institute of Standards andTechnology(NIST)standard reference material or other similarmaterial of known composition having a component compa-rable with that of the material under test.A list of standardreference materials is given in the NIST Special Publication260,current edition.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 onGlass and Glass Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.02on Chemical Properties and Analysis.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published October 2014.Originallyapproved in 1939.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C146 94a(2009).DOI:10.1520/C0146-94AR14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Standard samples available from the National Institute of Standards andTechnology are listed in U.S.Dept.of Commerce,NIST,Special Publication 260(current edition),Washington,DC 20234.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.Photometers and Photometric Practice4.1 Photometers and photometric practice prescribed inthese test methods shall conform to Practice E60.5.Purity of Reagents5.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used throughout.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended that reagents shallconform to the specifications of the Committee on AnalyticalReagents of the American Chemical Society,where suchspecifications are available.4Other grades may be used,pro-vided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to perm