ASTM_C_1234_-_11_2016.pdf

Designation:C123411(Reapproved 2016)Standard Practice forPreparation of Oils and Oily Waste Samples by High-Pressure,High-Temperature Digestion for Trace ElementDeterminations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1234;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a high-pressure,high-temperaturedigestion technique using the high-pressure asher(HPA)forpreparation of oils and oily waste specimens for determinationof up to 28 different elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission plasma spectroscopy(ICP-AES),cold-vaporatomic absorption spectroscopy(CVAAS),and graphite fur-nace atomic absorption spectroscopy(GFAAS),inductivelycoupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICPMS),and radiochemi-cal methods.Oily and high-percentage organic waste streamsfrom nuclear and non-nuclear manufacturing processes can besuccessfully prepared for trace element determinations byICP-AES,CVAAS,and GFAAS.This practice is applicable tothe determination of total trace elements in these mixed wastes.Specimens prepared by this practice can be used to characterizeorganic mixed waste streams received by hazardous wastetreatment incinerators and for total element characterization ofthe waste streams.1.2 This practice is applicable only to organic waste streamsthat contain radioactivity levels that do not require specialpersonnel or environmental protection from radioactivity orother acute hazards.1.3 A list of elements determined in oily waste streams isfound in Table 1.1.4 This practice has been used successfully to completelydigest a large variety of oils and oily mixed waste streams fromnuclear processing facilities.While the practice has been usedto report data on up to 28 trace elements,its success should notbe expected for all analytes in every specimen.The overallnature of these oily wastes tends to be heterogeneous that canaffect the results.Homogeneity of the prepared sample iscritical to the precision and quality of the results.1.5 This practice is designed to be applicable to sampleswhose preparation practices are not defined,or not suitable,byother regulatory procedures or requirements,such as the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)SW-846 and EPA-600/4-79-020 documents.This digestion practice is designed toprovide a high level of accuracy and precision,but does notreplace or override any regulatory requirements for samplepreparation.1.6 This practice uses hazardous materials,operations,andequipment at high pressure(90 bars to 110 bars,89 atm to108 atm,or1305 lb in.2to1595 lb in.2)andhightemperatures,up to 320 C,and therefore poses significanthazards if not operated properly.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7.1 ExceptionPressure measurements are given in lb/in.units.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warningstatements are given in Sections 10.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2.2 US EPA Standards:3EPA-600/4-79-020 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Waterand WastesSW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,Physical/Chemical Methods1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved April 1,2016.Published May 2016.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1234 11.DOI:10.1520/C1234-11R16.2For referenced ASTM Standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.ForAnnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 heating block,naluminum block used to holdsamples inside the HPA autoclave/pressure chamber.3.1.2 HPA-TC controller,ncomputer interface betweenHPA autoclave and an IBM-compatible computer.3.1.3 pressure chamber,nchamber within the HPA auto-clave where heating block filled with samples is placed.Thechamber is designed to hold pressures up to 200 bar(197 atmor 2900 lbin.2)and temperatu