ASTM_C_119_-_16.pdf

Designation:C11916Standard Terminology Relating toDimension Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C119;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONDimension stone,as used here,is natural stone that has been selected and fabricated to specific sizesor shapes,with or without one or more mechanically dressed or finished surfaces,for use as buildingfacing,curbing,paving stone,monuments and memorials,and various industrial products.The termdimension stone is in contradistinction to crushed and broken stone,such as is used for aggregate,roadstone,fill,or chemical raw materials.Because all stone is a natural material,the definitionexcludes all manmade materials that simulate stone.In common practice,some dimension stones arereinforced,filled,or surface treated.Terms used in definitions and nomenclature shall be interpreted in accordance with commonlyaccepted scientific and technical terms of the geological sciences except as otherwise specificallynoted.Examples of such exceptions are the broader commercial definitions of granite and marble,whichhave become well established in the dimension stone industry and trade.Definitions and termsincluded in these definitions have been formulated in accordance with common industrial usage wherethis is not in conflict with current scientific usage.GENERAL TERMSanchorin general,a metal shape inserted into a slot or holein the stone that provides for the transfer of loads from thestone to the building structure,either directly or through anintermediate structure.anchoragethe system consisting of stone,anchor and pri-mary structure,secondary structure or back-up preventinglateral movement of the stone.arristhe junction of two planes of the same stone forming anexternal edge.ashlar(1)a squared block of building stone;(2)a masonryof such stones;(3)a thin-dressed rectangle of stone forfacing of walls(often called ashlar veneer).bearing checka slot,generally not continuous,cut into theback or bed of dimension stone to accommodate a support-ing angle or clip(see Fig.1.)building stonenatural rock of adequate quality to be quar-ried and cut as dimension stone as it exists in nature,as usedin the construction industry.chipan irregularly shaped fragment dislodged from a stonesurface.claddingnonload-bearing stone used as the facing materialin wall construction that contains other materials.copingdimension stone used as the top course of a masonrywall,often sloped to shed water.cracka partial break in the stone(see fracture,microcrack,seam).cubic stockin general,a thick dimension stone unit which isnot precisely defined in terms of thickness for every kind ofstone,particularly for limestone and sandstone.For marbleor granite,cubic stock is a unit that is greater than 50 mm inthickness.For limestone,cubic stock is a unit that is greaterthan 75 mm to 100 mm in thickness,and for sandstone,aunit that is greater than 150 mm to 200 mm in thickness.(Incontrast,see thin stone.)cut stonestone fabricated to specific dimensions.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.91 onNomenclature and Definitions.Current edition approved May 1,2016.Published May 2016.Originallyapproved in 1926.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C119 141.DOI:10.1520/C0119-16.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 dimension stonenatural stone that has been selected andfabricated to specific sizes or shapes.DISCUSSIONThe term dimension stone is in contradistinction tocrushed and broken stone,such as is used for aggregate,roadstone,fill,or chemical raw materials.In common practice,some dimension stonesare reinforced,filled,or surface treated.dressed stoneSee cut stone,finished stone.durabilitythe measure of the ability of dimension stone toendure and to maintain its essential and distinctive charac-teristics of strength,resistance to decay,and appearance.Durability is based on the length of time that a stone canmaintain its innate characteristics in use.This time will varydepending on the environment,the use,and the finish of thestone in question(for example,outdoor versus indoor use).dry seama natural separation that has not been filled orbonded.fabricationwhen applied to dimension stone,any of theprocesses involved in changing a raw stone piece to its finalend use form.This includes,but is not limited to cutting,splitting,grinding,drilling,or face-finishing.fading(slate)a slate that has a significant color changewithin the first year of exposure to weather,often the resultof chemical alteration of the