ASTM_C_1456_-_13_2018.pdf

Designation:C145613(Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Uranium or Gadolinium(or both)inGadolinium Oxide-Uranium Oxide Pellets or by X-RayFluorescence(XRF)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1456;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes the steps necessary for thepreparation and analysis by X-ray fluorescence(XRF)ofgadolinium or uranium(or both)in gadolinium oxide-uraniumoxide pellets or powders.1.2 This test method requires the use of appropriate internalstandard(s).Care must be taken to ascertain that samplesanalyzed by this method do not contain the internal standardelement(s)or that this contamination has been corrected formathematically whenever present.Such corrections are notaddressed in this test method.1.3 This standard contains notes that are explanatory and arenot part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautions are given in Section 8 and various notesthroughout the method.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry forMetals,Ores,and Related Materials2.2 Other DocumentANSI/HPS N43.2-2001 Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffrac-tion and X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Equipment33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,see Terminology E135.3.2 Symbol:LiTB=lithium tetraborate(see 7.4).4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Solution or pellet standards containing the equivalent of110%gadolinium oxide and 9099%uranium oxide andappropriate internal standards are placed in the sample holderof an X-ray spectrometer and exposed to an X-ray beamcapable of exciting the uranium and gadolinium L-emissionlines and the appropriate emission line for the internal stan-dard.The intensities generated are measured by an appropriatedetector.The intensity ratio values obtained from this data areused to calibrate the X-ray analyzer.4.2 Samples are prepared in the same manner as thestandards and analyzed using conditions and curves generatedfrom those standards.NOTE1Yttrium and strontium have been used successfully as internalstandards for uranium and samarium for gadolinium.Scatter lines also1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on NuclearFuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods ofTest.Current edition approved Nov.1,2018.Published December 2018.Originallyapproved in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C1456 13.DOI:10.1520/C1456-13R18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 have been used as internal standard lines.4An explanation of internalstandard method is found in several sources.5,65.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is applicable to samples containing 1 to10%gadolinium oxide and 90 to 99%uranium oxide on the“as received”basis.The method may be used to determineconcentration of either uranium,gadolinium,or both.5.2 Either wavelength-dispersive or energy-dispersiveX-ray fluorescence systems may be used provided the softwareaccompanying the system is able to accommodate the use ofinternal standards.6.Apparatus6.1 X-Ray SpectrometerSee the manufacturers operatingmanuals for the selection of the X-ray spectrometer.Themethod is valid for either ener