ASTM_C_1057_-_17.pdf

Designation:C105717Standard Practice forDetermination of Skin Contact Temperature from HeatedSurfaces Using a Mathematical Model andThermesthesiometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1057;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating the skincontact temperature for heated surfaces.Two complimentaryprocedures are presented.The first is a purely mathematicalapproximation that can be used during design or for worst caseevaluation.Thesecondmethoddescribesthethermesthesiometer,an instrument that analogues the humansensory mechanism and can be used only on operating systems.NOTE1Both procedures listed herein are intended for use with GuideC1055.When used in conjunction with that guide,these procedures candetermine the burn hazard potential for a heated surface.1.2 A bibliography of human burn evaluation studies andsurface hazard measurement is provided in the References atthe end of Guide C1055.Thermesthesiometer and mathemati-cal modeling references are provided in the References at theend of this practice(1-5).21.3 This practice addresses the skin contact temperaturedetermination for passive heated surfaces only.The analysisprocedures contained herein are not applicable to chemical,electrical,or other similar hazards that provide a heat genera-tion source at the location of contact.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC680 Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and theSurface Temperatures of Insulated Flat,Cylindrical,andSpherical Systems by Use of Computer ProgramsC1055 Guide for Heated System Surface Conditions thatProduce Contact Burn Injuries3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C168 shall be considered asapplicable to the terms used in this standard.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acceptable contact timethe limit of time of contactfor the heated surface and the exposed skin.Practice hassuggested limits of 5 s for industrial processes and up to 60 sfor consumer items.3.2.2 burns:3.2.2.1 first degree burnthe reaction to an exposure wherethe intensity and duration is insufficient to cause completenecrosis of the epidermal layer.The normal response to thislevel of exposure is dilation of the superficial blood vessels(reddening of the skin).3.2.2.2 second degree burnthe reaction to an exposurewhere the intensity and duration is sufficient to cause completenecrosis of the epidermis but no significant damage to thedermis.The normal response to this exposure is blistering ofthe epidermis.3.2.2.3 third degree burnsthe reaction to an exposurewhere significant dermal necrosis occurs.Significant dermalnecrosis has been defined in the literature as a 75%destruction1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on ThermalMeasurement.Current edition approved May 1,2017.Published June 2017.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1057 12.DOI:10.1520/C1057-17.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis practice.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 of the dermis thickness.The normal response to this exposureis open sores that leave permanent scar tissue upon healing.3.2.3 skin:3.2.3.1 epidermisthe outermost layer of skin cells.Thislayer