ASTM_C_1300_-_95_2016.pdf

Designation:C130095(Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forLinear Thermal Expansion of Glaze Frits and CeramicWhiteware Materials by the Interferometric Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1300;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the interferometric determina-tion of linear thermal expansion of premelted glaze frits andfired ceramic whiteware materials at temperatures lower than1000C(1830F).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of RigidSolids with Interferometry3.Significance and Use3.1 This test method defines the thermal expansion of glazefrits by the interferometric method.This determination iscritical in avoiding crazing(cracking)of these glass coatingsdue to mismatching of the thermal expansion between thecoating and substrate materials.4.Apparatus4.1 Sample Preparation Equipment:34.1.1 Glazed Porcelain Crucible,No.0.4.1.2 Fireclay Crucible,102 mm(4 in.)in diameter.4.1.3 Rotating Abrasive Grinding Wheel(a silicon carbidetype is satisfactory).4.2 Micrometer Calipers,having a sensitivity such that theindex can be read to 0.002 mm(0.0001 in.).4.3 Measuring Apparatus,consisting of fused silica inter-ferometer plates,viewing apparatus,an electric furnace andcontrol,potentiometer,pyrometer,and a suitable monochro-matic light source of known wavelength.4.3.1 FurnaceThe furnace shall be a vertical electric tubefurnace controlled by rheostat or other means so that theheating rate of the furnace can be readily duplicated from roomtemperature to 1000C(1830F).The heating rate shall notexceed 3C(5.5F)/min.4.3.2 Temperature-Measuring InstrumentA calibratedplatinum versus platinum-rhodium thermocouple(or aChromel versus Alumel thermocouple if it is frequently cali-brated)in conjunction with a potentiometer shall be used.Thepotentiometer shall be capable of being read to 2C(or 4F)and shall have automatic compensation for the temperature ofthe reference junction,or the reference junction shall be held at0C(32F)by means of an ice bath.5.Test Specimens5.1 For frit samples,three test specimens shall be preparedas follows:5.1.1 Fill a No.0 glazed porcelain crucible with frit,placethe filled crucible inside a 102-mm(4-in.)diameter fireclaycrucible partly filled with silica,and work the small crucibledown into the silica until approximately 75%of the smallcrucible is below the level of the silica.5.1.2 Place the crucible assembly into a furnace that is at atemperature high enough to just melt the mass.Hold for 15 minafter the frit has reached the furnace temperature.5.1.3 Remove the crucible,rapidly transfer it to anotherfurnace that is at the frit firing temperature,and cool in thefurnace at a rate not to exceed 60C(110F)/h.5.1.4 Break the small crucible open and break up thevitreous mass.Select six fragments from the interior of themass(to avoid side portions diluted by the ceramic crucible)having minimum conical dimensions of 3 mm(18in.)at thebase and 6 mm(14in.)high.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.Current edition approved Nov.1,2016.Published November 2016.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1300 95(2012).DOI:10.1520/C1300-95R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3An example of suitable test equipment and an inferometric method may befound in the paper by Merritt,G.E.,“The Interference Method of MeasuringThermal Expansion,”Journal of Research,National Bureau of Standards,Vol 10,No.1,January 1933,p.59(RP 515).A description of a permissible automatic fringe recording device may be foundin the paper by Saunders,J.B.,“An Apparatus for Photographing InterferencePhenomenon,”Journal of Research,National Bureau of Standards,Vol 35,No.3,September 1945,p.157(RP 1668).Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.2 For fired samples,break and select six samples havingminimum conical dimensions of 3 mm(18in.)at the base and6 mm(14in.)in height.For all samples,grind the base of the(cones)flat and cement the flat cone base to