ASTM_C_1720_-_11e1.pdf

Designation:C1720111Standard Test Method forDetermining Liquidus Temperature of Immobilized WasteGlasses and Simulated Waste Glasses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1720;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits statement was editorially corrected in April 2015.1.Scope1.1 These practices cover procedures for determining theliquidus temperature(TL)of nuclear waste,mixed nuclearwaste,simulated nuclear waste,or hazardous waste glass in thetemperature range from 600C to 1600C.This method differsfrom Practice C829 in that it employs additional methods todetermine TL.TLis useful in waste glass plant operation,glassformulation,and melter design to determine the minimumtemperature that must be maintained in a waste glass melt tomake sure that crystallization does not occur or is below aparticular constraint,for example,1 volume%crystallinity orT1%.As of now,many institutions studying waste and simu-lated waste vitrification are not in agreement regarding thisconstraint(1).1.2 Three methods are included,differing in(1)the type ofequipment available to the analyst(that is,type of furnace andcharacterization equipment),(2)the quantity of glass availableto the analyst,(3)the precision and accuracy desired for themeasurement,and(4)candidate glass properties.The glassproperties,for example,glass volatility and estimated TL,willdictate the required method for making the most precisemeasurement.The three different approaches to measuring TLdescribed here include the following:(A)Gradient Tempera-ture Furnace Method(GT),(B)Uniform Temperature FurnaceMethod(UT),and(C)Crystal Fraction Extrapolation Method(CF).This procedure is intended to provide specific workprocesses,but may be supplemented by test instructions asdeemed appropriate by the project manager or principle inves-tigator.The methods defined here are not applicable to glassesthat form multiple immiscible liquid phases.Immiscibility maybe detected in the initial examination of glass during samplepreparation(see 9.3).However,immiscibility may not becomeapparent until after testing is underway.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass ProductsC829 Practices for Measurement of Liquidus Temperature ofGlass by the Gradient Furnace MethodD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method2.2 Other Documents:SRM-773 National Institute for Standards and Technology(NIST)Liquidus Temperature StandardSRM-674b NIST X-Ray Powder Diffraction Intensity Setfor Quantitative Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)SRM-1976a NIST Instrument Response Standard for X-RayPowder DiffractionZ540.3 American National Standards Institute/NationalConference of Standards Laboratories(ANSI/NCSL)Re-quirements for the Calibration of Measuring and TestEquipment3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on NuclearFuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.13 on Spent Fueland High Level Waste.Current edition approved Feb.1,2011.Published April 2011.DOI:10.1520/C172011E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.1 air quenchingto pour or place a molten glass speci-men on a surface,for example,a steel plate,and cool it to thesolid state.3.1.2 annealto prevent or remove materials processingstresses in glass by controlled cooling from a suitabletemperature,for example,the glass transition temperature(Tg)(modified from Terminology C162).3.1.3 annealinga controlled cooling process for glassdesigned to reduce thermal residual stress to an acceptablelevel and,in some cases,modify structure(modified fromTerminology C162).3.1.4 ASTM Type I waterpurified water with a maximumtotal matter content including soluble silica of 0.1 g/m3,amaximum electrical conductivity of 0.056/cm at 25C anda minimum