ASTM_C_1099_-_07_2019.pdf

Designation:C109907(Reapproved 2019)Standard Test Method forModulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing RefractoryMaterials at Elevated Temperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1099;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modu-lus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories at elevatedtemperatures in air.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units and degreesFahrenheit are to be regarded as standard.The values given inparentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazard statements,see Section 5.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of RefractoryMaterials at Elevated TemperaturesE220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison Techniques2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO Recommendation 5013 Determination of the HotModulus of Rupture of Shaped and Unshaped Dense andInsulating Refractory Products3.Significance and Use3.1 The modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refracto-ries at elevated temperatures has become accepted as a usefulmeasurement in quality control testing and in research anddevelopment.These measurements are also used to determinethe suitability of particular products for various applicationsand to develop specifications.The sample may undergo someoxidation during the test.3.2 In 1988,ruggedness testing was conducted on this testprocedure.The following variables were studied:3.2.1 Testing temperature(2525(1385)versus 2575 F(1413 C),3.2.2 Air atmosphere versus argon atmosphere in thefurnace,3.2.3 Hold time prior to breaking the sample(12 versus18 min),and3.2.4 Loading rate on the sample(175(778)versus 350 lb-min(1556 N/min).3.3 Resin-bonded magnesia-carbon brick containing ap-proximately 17%carbon after coking were tested in twoseparate ruggedness tests.Metal-free brick were tested in thefirst ruggedness test,while aluminum-containing brick weretested in the second.Results were analyzed at a 95%confi-dence level.3.4 For the metal-free brick,the presence of an argonatmosphere and hold time had statistically significant effects onthe modulus of rupture at 2550 F(1400 C).The argonatmosphere yielded a lower modulus of rupture.The samplestested in air had a well-sintered decarburized zone on theexterior surfaces,possibly explaining the higher moduli ofrupture.The longer hold time caused a lower result for themetal-free brick.3.5 For the aluminum-containing brick,testing temperature,the presence of an argon atmosphere,and loading rate hadstatistically significant effects on the modulus of rupture at2550 F(1400 C).The higher testing temperature increasedthe measured result,the presence of an argon atmospherelowered the result,and the higher loading rate increased theresult.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.Current edition approved April 1,2019.Published April 2019.Originallyapproved in 1992.Previous edition approved in 2012 as C1099 07(2012).DOI:10.1520/C1099-07R19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 4.Apparatus4.1 Electrically Heated FurnaceAn electrically heatedfurnace should be used.The furnace will contain an airatmosphere.4.2 Lower Bearing Edges,at least one pair,made fromvolume-stable refractory material(Note 1)shall be installed inthe furnace on 5-in.(127-mm)centers.4.3 Thrus