ASTM_C_1495_-_16.pdf

Designation:C149516Standard Test Method forEffect of Surface Grinding on Flexure Strength of AdvancedCeramics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1495;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effectof surface grinding on the flexure strength of advancedceramics.Surface grinding of an advanced ceramic materialcan introduce microcracks and other changes in the nearsurface layer,generally referred to as damage(see Fig.1 andRef.(1).2Such damage can result in a changemost often adecreasein flexure strength of the material.The degree ofchange in flexure strength is determined by both the grindingprocess and the response characteristics of the specific ceramicmaterial.This method compares the flexure strength of anadvanced ceramic material after application of a user-specifiedsurface grinding process with the baseline flexure strength ofthe same material.The baseline flexure strength is obtainedafter application of a surface grinding process specified in thisstandard.The baseline flexure strength is expected to approxi-mate closely the inherent strength of the material.The flexurestrength is measured by means of ASTM flexure test methods.1.2 Flexure test methods used to determine the effect ofsurface grinding are C1161 Test Method for Flexure Strengthof Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures and C1211Test Method for Flexure Strength of Advanced Ceramics atElevated Temperatures.1.3 Materials covered in this standard are those advancedceramics that meet criteria specified in flexure testing standardsC1161 and C1211.1.4 The flexure test methods supporting this standard(C1161 and C1211)require test specimens that have a rectan-gular cross section,flat surfaces,and that are fabricated withspecific dimensions and tolerances.Only grinding processesthat are capable of generating the specified flat surfaces,that is,planar grinding modes,are suitable for evaluation by thismethod.Among the applicable machine types are horizontaland vertical spindle reciprocating surface grinders,horizontaland vertical spindle rotary surface grinders,double diskgrinders,and tool-and-cutter grinders.Incremental cross-feed,plunge,and creep-feed grinding methods may be used.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C1145 Terminology of Advanced CeramicsC1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of AdvancedCeramics at Ambient TemperatureC1211 Test Method for Flexural Strength of AdvancedCeramics at Elevated TemperaturesC1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data andEstimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for AdvancedCeramicsC1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization ofFracture Origins in Advanced CeramicsC1341 Test Method for Flexural Properties of ContinuousFiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Composites3.Terminology3.1 Materials Related:3.1.1 advanced ceramic,na highly engineered,high-performance,predominately nonmetallic,inorganic,ceramicmaterial having specific functional attributes.C11453.1.2 baseline flexure strength,nin the context of thisstandard,refers to the flexure strength value obtained afterapplication of a grinding procedure specified in this standard.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 onAdvanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 onMechanical Properties and Performance.Current edition approved Sept.1,2016.Published October 2016.Originallyapproved in 2001.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1495 07(2012).DOI:10.1520/C1495-16.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.2.1 DiscussionFor the advanced ceramics to whichthis standard is applicable,the baseline flexure strength isexpected to be a close approximation to the inherent flexurestrength.3.1.3 ceramic matrix composite,na material consisting oftwo or more materials(insoluble in one another)in which themajor,continuous component(matrix component)is a ceramic,while the secondary compone