ASTM_C_357_-_07_2015.pdf

Designation:C35707(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forBulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C357;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining thebulk density of granular refractory materials,commercialproducts which usually have particles that are retained on a0.265-in.(6.7-mm)or coarser sieve.NOTE1This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate inboiling water.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsIn Sections 4,7,and 8,the apparatusused is only available in SI units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3.Significance and Use3.1 Granular refractory materials may be either refractorygrain raw materials that are used in the manufacture of finishedrefractory products,or bulk granular refractory materials thatare sold,with or without some degree of processing,torefractory consumers for various uses.In either case,charac-terizing the properties of a granular refractory material isessential in evaluating its quality or consistency of quality andin determining suitability for end use.One of the importantproperties is bulk density because of its relationship to endproduct quality,usage,and performance.3.2 The refractories producer can use this test method as oneof the quality-control tests for his manufactured or minedrefractory grain raw materials or for evaluating potentialrefractory grain raw materials.3.3 For the refractories consumer,the principal use of thistest method is in the evaluation of the quality or the consistencyof quality of the granular material in purchased refractorymixes or in bulk granular refractory materials used by theconsumer.3.4 This is a primary test method,and thus is suitable for usein specifications,quality control,and research and develop-ment.It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasingcontracts or agreements and as a base for development of morerapid,secondary test methods for use in quality control onmanufactured refractory raw materials.3.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test methodare that the sample is representative of the material in general,the particle size of the sample is within the range specified bythe test method,the material is not readily hydratable,and thesize and quantity of pores in the material permits removal ofsurface water without drainage from the pores themselves.Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the useful-ness of the test results.3.6 In interpreting the results of this test method,it must berecognized that the specific gravity of the material as well asthe porosity affects the value obtained for bulk density.Thus,comparisons of results should only be made between likematerials or with full recognition of inherent differencesbetween the materials being compared.4.Apparatus4.1 Laboratory Jaw Crusher or Rolls,for crushing samplesto pass a 0.265-in.(6.7-mm)sieve.4.2 Standard Sieves,0.265-in.and No.8(2.36-mm)withPan and Cover(Note 2)The sieves shall conform to Speci-fication E11.4.2.1 The coarser sieve may be the No.4(4.75 mm)and thefiner sieve may be the No.6(3.35 mm)or No.12(1.70 mm),if tests indicate that the range in particle size is not critical.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved March 1,2015.Published April 2015.Originallyapproved in 1955.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C35707(2009)1.DOI:10.1520/C0357-07R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 NOTE2The 0.265-in.,No.4,No.6,No.8,and No.12 ASTM sievesare equivalent to 3,4,6,8,and 10-mesh,respectively,of the TylerStandard Series.34.3 Drying Oven,adjustable to 220 to 230F(105 to 110C).4.4 Riffle,with six or more12to34-in.(13 to 19-mm)troughs with pans,or a smooth plate at least 15 in.(381 mm)squa