ASTM_C_20_-_00_2015.pdf

Designation:C2000(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Methods forApparent Porosity,Water Absorption,Apparent SpecificGravity,and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick andShapes by Boiling Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C20;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thefollowing properties of burned refractory brick:1.1.1 Apparent porosity,1.1.2 Water absorption,1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity,and1.1.4 Bulk density.1.2 These test methods are not applicable to refractoriesattacked by water.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C134 Test Methods for Size,Dimensional Measurements,and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and InsulatingFirebrickC830 TestMethodsforApparentPorosity,LiquidAbsorption,Apparent Specific Gravity,and Bulk Densityof Refractory Shapes by Vacuum PressureE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Significance and Use3.1 Apparent porosity,water absorption,apparent specificgravity,and bulk density are primary properties of burnedrefractory brick and shapes.These properties are widely usedin the evaluation and comparison of product quality and as partof the criteria for selection and use of refractory products in avariety of industrial applications.These test methods are usedfor determining any or all of these properties.3.2 These test methods are primary standard methods whichare suitable for use in quality control,research anddevelopment,establishing criteria for and evaluating compli-ance with specifications,and providing data for design pur-poses.3.3 Fundamental assumptions inherent in these test methodsare that the test specimens are not attacked by water,the testspecimens conform to the requirements for size,configuration,and original faces,the open pores of the test specimens arefully impregnated with water during the boiling treatment,andthe blotting of the saturated test specimens is performed asspecified in a consistent and uniform manner to avoid with-drawing water from the pores.Deviation from any of theseassumptions adversely affects the test results.3.4 In laboratory studies involving castable specimen,a biaswas noted between formed 2 by 2 by 2in.(50 by 50 by50mm)and specimens that were quartered from larger 9 by4.5 by 2.5(228 by 114 by 64 mm)cast specimens.Additionally,an error in the apparent porosity determination oncastables was found whenever the specimens were heated to1500F(816C)and then exposed to water as a saturationmedia(Test Method C830).The error was attributed toreactivity of cement with water and subsequent re-hydration ofcement phases.The higher the cement level of the castable,thegreater the error noted.It was concluded that an error inporosity values could occur for refractory materials having apotential to form hydrated species with water.31These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved March 1,2015.Published April 2015.Originallyapproved in 1918.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C20 00(2010).DOI:10.1520/C0020-00R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C08-1014.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.5 Certain precautions must be exercised in interpretingand using results from these test methods.All four propertyvalues are interrelated by at least two of the three base datavalues generated during testing.Thus,an error in any base datavalue will cause an error in at least three of the property valuesfor a given test specimen.Certain of the properties,that is,apparent specific gravity and bulk density,are functions ofother factors such as product composition,compositionalvariability within the same product,impervious porosity,andtotal porosity.Generalizations on or compari