ASTM_C_179_-_14.pdf

Designation:C17914Standard Test Method forDrying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic andRamming Mix Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C179;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dryingshrinkage and of the combined drying and linear change ofrefractory ramming mixes and plastics.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory BrickC134 Test Methods for Size,Dimensional Measurements,and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and InsulatingFirebrickC181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay andHigh-Alumina Refractory PlasticsC1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plasticand Ramming Mix SpecimensE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Significance and Use3.1 This test method is useful in quantitatively rating orranking both ramming and refractory plastics by their linearstability after heating.3.2 This test method is also useful for determining whethera ramming or refractory plastic can be used in a specifiedapplication based on linear change criteria.3.3 This test method excludes basic and carbon bearingmaterials.3.4 This test method can produce data for the engineeringand design of refractory installations.The linear change datacan be used to determine the number of joints necessary tomaintain integrity of ramming or refractory plastic in a largeinstallation.4.Apparatus4.1 Kiln,electric or gas type,of such design that the flame,as coming directly from the burner,cannot impinge upon thetest specimens.4.2 Measuring Device,capable of being read to 0.02-in.(0.5-mm).Ahooked rule,12 in.(305 mm),is convenient to useand a suitable type is described in Test Methods C134.Othermeasuring devices,such as calipers or dial gages,of the sameor better precision may also be used.5.Test Specimens5.1 Number of SpecimensA minimum of six specimensmolded from the sample(see Note 1)of refractory plastic willbe required.Half of the specimens shall be used for the test andthe other half used as supporting pieces during the kiln heattreatment.NOTE1For pressing and drying the specimens see Practice C1054.5.2 Measurement of SpecimensUsing the measuringdevice,measure the bar for all dimensions to the nearest0.02-in.(0.5-mm).Label and make reference marks to indicatethe exact length measurement points.Caution should be takenas deformation of the specimens may be caused by handling.5.3 Drying of SpecimensDry specimens should be dried asstated in Practice C1054,6.6.5.4 Measuring Dried SpecimensMeasure specimens asstated in 5.2.6.Procedure6.1 Placing Specimens in KilnPlace the dried specimensin the kiln in accordance with Test Method C113,with the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolith-ics.Current edition approved Sept.1,2014.Published October 2014.Originallyapproved in 1943.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C179 11.DOI:10.1520/C0179-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 exception that the supporting brick shall consist of the threerefractory plastic brick prepared for that purpose.6.2 Temperature MeasurementsConduct temperaturemeasurements in accordance with Test Method C113.6.3 Test AtmosphereAt all temperatures above 1470F(800C),operate the kiln so that the atmosphere shall containa minimum of 0.5%oxygen with 0%combustibles.6.4 Test Temperature ScheduleOperate the kiln so as toconform to the appropriate heating schedule for the class ofrefractory being tested,as specified in Table 1 of Test MethodC113.6.5 Measuring Fired SpecimensAfter completion of theheating schedule,cool the specimens in the closed kiln to under800F(425C)before removing to the air.After cooling toroom temperature,remeasure them in accord