ASTM_C_173_-_C_173M_-_16.pdf

Designation:C173/C173M16Standard Test Method forAir Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the VolumetricMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C173/C173M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers determination of the air contentof freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate,whether it be dense,cellular,or lightweight.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The inch-pound unitsare shown in brackets.The values stated in each system maynot be exact equivalents;therefore,each system shall be usedindependently of the other.Combining values from the twosystems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.(WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density(“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC138/C138M Test Method for Density(Unit Weight),Yield,and Air Content(Gravimetric)of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete3.Significance and Use3.1 This test method covers the determination of the aircontent of freshly mixed concrete.It measures the air containedin the mortar fraction of the concrete,but is not affected by airthat may be present inside porous aggregate particles.3.1.1 Therefore,this is the appropriate test to determine theair content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates,air-cooled slag,and highly porous or vesicular natural aggre-gates.3.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficientisopropyl alcohol,when the meter is initially being filled withwater,so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or nofoam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter.Ifmore foam is present than that equivalent to 2%air above thewater level,the test is declared invalid and must be repeatedusing a larger quantity of alcohol.Addition of alcohol to dispelfoam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zeromark is not permitted.3.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be eitherhigher or lower than that determined by this test method.Thisdepends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effortapplied to the concrete from which the hardened concretespecimen is taken;uniformity and stability of the air bubbles inthe fresh and hardened concrete;accuracy of the microscopicexamination,if used;time of comparison;environmentalexposure;stage in the delivery,placement and consolidationprocesses at which the air content of the unhardened concreteis determined,that is,before or after the concrete goes througha pump;and other factors.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.60 on Testing Fresh Concrete.Current edition approved Feb.1,2016.Published March 2016.Originallyapproved in 1942.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C173/C173M 14.DOI:10.1520/C0173_C0173M-16.2Section on Safety Precautions,Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.Apparatus4.1 Air MeterAn air meter consisting of a measuring bowland a top section(Fig.1)conforming to the followingrequirements:4.1.1 The measuring bowl and top sections shall be ofsufficient thickness and rigidity to withstand rough field use.The material shall not be attacked by high pH cement paste,deform when store