ASTM_C_109_C_109M-20a.pdf

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationallygnized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.Designation:C109/C109M-20aNTERNATIONALStandard Test Method forCompressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars(Using2-in.or 50-mmCube Specimens)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C109/C109M:the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope2.Referenced Documents1.1 This test method covers determination of the compres-2.1 ASTM Standards:3sive strength of hydraulic cement mortars,using 2-in.orC91/C91M Specification for Masonry Cement50-mmcube specimens.C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementNorE 1-Test Method C349 provides an alternative procedure for thisdetermination(not to be used for acceptance tests).C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement1.2 This test method covers the application of the test usingC230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Testsof Hydraulic Cementeither inch-pound or SI units.The values stated in either SIC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cementunits or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately asPastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistencystandard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.C349 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;Cement Mortars(Using Portions of Prisms Broken intherefore,each system shall be used independently of the other.Flexure)Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms,Moist Cabinets.formance with the standard.Moist Rooms,and Water Storage Tanks Used in the1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement inTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesSI units or by appropriate conversion,using the Rules forC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsConversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI-10,ofC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcinedmeasurements made in other units.Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of theC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementssafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is thefor Test Methods for Construction Materialsresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-C778 Specification for Standard Sandpriate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inmine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Concrete and Mortars(Warning-Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are causticC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forand may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue uponDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physicalprolonged exposure.2)Testing of Hydraulic Cements1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulicdance with internationally recognized principles on standard-Cementization established in the Decision on Principles for theC1328/C1328M Specification for Plastic(Stucco)CementDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-C1329/C1329M Specification for Mortar Cementmendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines2.2 IEEE/ASTM Standard:3IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalThis test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee Col on CementSystem of Units(SI):The Modern Metric Systemand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.27 on Strength.Current edition approved Feb.15.2020.Published March 2020.Originallyapproved in 1934.Last previous edition approved in 2020 as C109/C109M-20.3 For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orD0:10.1520/C0109C0109M-20A.contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM2 See the section on Safety,Manual of Cement Testing.Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onStandards,Vol 04.01.the ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Intemational,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700.West Conshohocken.PA 19428-2959.United StatesC109/C109M-20a3.Summary of Test Method5.3.1 Cube molds shall be checked for conformance to the3.1 The mortar used consists of 1 part cement and 2.75 partsdesign and dimensional requirements of this test method atof sand proportioned by mass.Portland or air-entrainingleast every 2V years.portland cements are mixed at specified water/cement ratios.5.4 Mixer;Bowl and Paddle,an electrically driven mechani-Water content for other cements is that sufficient to obtain acal mixer of the type equipped with paddle and mixing bowl,flow of 110 5 in 25 drops of the flow table.Two-inch oras specified in Practice C305.50-mmtest cubes are compacted by tamping in two layers.The cubes are cured one day in the molds and stripped and5.5 Flow Table and Flow Mold,conforming to the require-immersed in lime water until tested.ments of Specification C230/C230M.5.6 Tamper;a nonabsorptive,nonabrasive,nonbrittle mate-4.Significance and Userial such as a rubber compound having a Shore A durometer4.1 This test method provides a means of determining thehardness of 80+10 or seasoned oak wood rendered nonab-compressive strength of hydraulic cement and other mortarssorptive by immersion for 15 min in paraffin at approximately392 F or 200 C.shall have a cross section of 0.5(+0.06)and results may be used to determine compliance with speci-fications.Further,this test method is referenced by numerousby1in(0.06)13（1.6）by25(1.6mmand a length ofother specifications and test methods.Caution must be exer-5 to 6 in.or 120 to 150 mm.The tamping face shall be flatcised in using the results of this test method to predict theand at right angles to the length of the tamper.strength of concretes.5.6.1 Tampers shall be checked for conformance to thedesign and dimensional requirements of this test method at5.Apparatusleast every six months.5.1 Weights and Weighing Devices,shall conform to theNorE 2-Each day that the tamper is used a visual inspection shouldrequirements of Specification C1005.The weighing deviceconfirm that the end is flat and at a right angle to the long axis of theshall be evaluated for precision and accuracy at a total load oftamper.Rounded or peeling tampers should not be allowed for use.2000g5.7 Trowel,having a steel blade 4 to 6 in.100 to 150 mm5.2 Glass Graduates,of suitable capacities(preferably largein length,with straight edges.enough to measure the mixing water in a single operation)to5.8 Moist Cabinet or Room,conforming to the require-deliver the indicated volume at 20C.The permissible varia-ments of Specification C511.tion shall be+2 mL.These graduates shall be subdivided to atleast 5 mL,except that the graduation lines may be omitted for5.9 Testing Machine,either the hydraulic or the screw type,the lowest 10 mL for a 250-mL graduate and for the lowestwith sufficient opening between the upper bearing surface andthe lower bearing surface of the machine to permit the use of25 mL of a 500-mL graduate.The main graduation lines shallverifying apparatus.The load applied to the test specimen shallbe circles and shall be numbered.The least graduations shallbe indicated with an accuracy of+1.0%.If the load applied byextend at least one seventh of the way around,and intermediatethe compression machine is registered on a dial,the dial shalgraduations shall extend at least one fifth of the way around.be provided with a graduated scale that can be read to at least5.3 Specimen Molds,for the 2-in.or 50-mmcube speci-the nearest 0.1 of the full scale load(Note 3).The dial shallmens shall be tight fitting.The molds shall have not more thanbe readable within 1 of the indicated load at any given loadthree cube compartments and shall be separable into not morelevel within the loading range.In no case shall the loadingthan two parts.The parts of the molds when assembled shall berange of a dial be considered to include loads below the valuepositively held together.The molds shall be made of hard metalthat is 100 times the smallest change of load that can be readnot attacked by the cement mortar.For new molds theon the scale.The scale shall be provided with a graduation lineRockwell hardness number of the metal shall be not less thanequal to zero and so numbered.The dial pointer shall be of55 HRB.The sides of the molds shall be sufficiently rigid tosufficient length to reach the graduation marks;the width of theprevent spreading or warping.The interior faces of the moldsend of the pointer shall not exceed the clear distance betweenshall be plane surfaces and shall conform to the tolerances ofthe smallest graduations.Each dial shall be equipped with aTable 1.zero adjustment that is easily accessible from the outside of theTABLE 1 Permissible Variations of Specimen Molds2-in.Cube Molds50-mmCube MoldsParameterNewIn UseNewIn UsePlaneness of sides0.001in.0.002in.【0.025mm0.05mmDistance between opposite sides2in.0.0052in.0.0250mm0.13mrmj50mm0.50mm】Height of each compartment2in.+0.01in.2in.+0.01in.50mm+0.25mm50mm+0.25mmto-0.005in.to-0.015into-0.13 mmto-0.38 mmAngle between adjacent faces900.5900.5900.5900.5A Measured at points slightly removed from the intersection.Measured separately for each compartment between all the interior faces and the adjacent face and betweeninterior faces and top and bottom planes of the mold.C109/C109M-20adial case,and with a suitable device that at all times until reset,5.9.3.1 Compression machine bearing blocks shall bewill indicate to within 1 accuracy the maximum load appliedchecked for planeness in accordance with this test method atto the specimen.least annually using a straightedge and feeler stock and shall be5.9.1 If the testing machine load is indicated in digital form,refinished if found to be out of tolerance.the numerical display must be large enough to be easily read.NorE 4-The diagonal of a 2 in.50 mmcube is 2.83 in.70.7 mmThe numerical increment must be equal to or less than 0.106.Materialsof the full scale load of a given loading range.In no case shallthe verified loading range include loads less than the minimum6.1 Graded Standard Sand:numerical increment multiplied by 100.The accuracy of the6.1.1 The sand(Note 5)used for making test specimensindicated load must be within 1.0%for any value displayedshall be natural silica sand conforming to the requirements forwithin the verified loading range.Provision must be made forgraded standard sand in Specification C778adjusting to indicate true zero at zero load.There shall beNorE 5-Segregation of Graded Sand-The graded standard sandprovided a maximum load indicator that at all times until resetshould be handled in such a manner as to prevent segregation,sincewill indicate within 1%system accuracy the maximum loadvariations in the grading of the sand cause variations in the consistency ofapplied to the specimen.the mortar.In emptying bins or sacks,care should be exercised to preventthe formation of mounds of sand or craters in the sand,down the slopes5.9.2 Compression machines shall be verified in accordanceof which the coarser particles will roll.Bins should be of sufficient size towith Practices E4 at least annually to determine if indicatedpermit these precautions.Devices for drawing the sand from bins byloads,with and without the maximum load indicator(when sogravity should not be used.equipped),are accurate to+1.0%7.Temperature and HumidityNorE 3-As close as can be read is considered so in.or 0.5 mmalong7.1 Temperature-The temperature of the air in the vicinitythe arc described by the end of the pointer.Also,one half of the scaleof the mixing slab.the dry materials,molds,base plates,andinterval is about as close as can reasonably be read when the spacing onthe load indicating mechanism is between 2s in.or 1 mmand i6 in.ormixing bowl,shall be maintained between 73.5+5.5 F or1.6 mm.When the spacing is between 6 in.or 1.6 mmand in.or23.0+3.0 C.The temperature of the mixing water,moist3.2 mm,one third of the scale interval can be read with reasonablecloset or moist room,and water in the storage tank shall be setcertainty.When the spacing is%s in.or 3.2 mmor more,one fourth ofat73.53.5or232C.the scale interval can be read with reasonable certainty.7.2 Humidity-The relative humidity of the laboratory shall5.9.3 The upper bearing assembly shall be a sphericallybe not less than 50%The moist closet or moist room shallseated,hardened metal block firmly attached at the center ofconform to the requirements of Specification C511.the upper head of the machine.The center of the sphere shallcoincide with the surface of the bearing face within a tolerance8.Test Specimensof=5 of the radius of the sphere.Unless otherwise specified8.1 Make two or three specimens from a batch of mortar forby the manufacturer,the spherical portion of the bearing blockeach period of test or test age.and the seat that holds this portion shall be cleaned andlubricated with a petroleum type oil such as motor oil at least9.Preparation of Specimen Moldsevery six months.The block shall be closely held in itsspherical seat,but shall be free to tilt in any direction.A9.1 Apply a thin coating of release agent to the interior facesof the mold and non-absorptive base plates.Apply oils andhardened metal bearing block shall be used beneath thegreases using an impregnated cloth or other suitable means.specimen to minimize wear of the lower platen of the machine.To facilitate accurate centering of the test specimen in theWipe the mold faces and the base plate with a cloth ascompression machine,one of the two surfaces of the bearingnecessary to remove any excess release agent and to achieve athin,even coating on the interior surfaces.When using anblocks shall have a diameter or diagonal of between 2.83 in.aerosol lubricant,spray the release agent directly onto the mold70.7 mm(see Note 4)and 2.9 in.73.7 mm.When the upperblock bearing surface meets this requirement,the lower blockfaces and base plate from a distance of 6 to 8 in.or 150 tobearing surface shall be greater than 2.83 in.70.7 mm.When200 mmto achieve complete coverage.After spraying,wipethe surface with a cloth as necessary to remove any excessthe lower block bearing surface meets this requirement,theaerosol lubricant.The residue coating should be just sufficientdiameter or diagonal of upper block bearing surface shall beto allow a distinct finger print to remain following light fingerbetween 2.83 and 3%s in.70.7 and 79.4 mml.When the lowerpressure(Note 6).block is the only block with a diameter or diagonal between2.83 and 2.9 in.70.7 and 73.7 mm,the lower block shall be9.2 Seal the surfaces where the halves of the mold join byused to center the test specimen.In that case,the lower blockapplying a coating of light cup grease such as petrolatum.Theshall be centered with respect to the upper bearing block andamount should be sufficient to extrude slightly when the twoheld in position by suitable means.The bearing block surfaceshalves are tightened together.Remove any excess grease withintended for contact with the specimen shall have a Rockwella cloth.harness number not less than 60 HRC.These surfaces shall not9.3 Seal molds to their base plates with a watertight sealant.depart from plane surfaces by more than 0.0005 in.0.013 mmUse microcrystalline wax or a mixture of three parts paraffinwhen the blocks are new and shall be maintained within awax to five parts rosin by mass.Paraffin wax is permitted as apermissible variation of 0.001 in.or 0.025 mm.sealant with molds that clamp to the base plate.Liquefy theC109/C109M-20aedge of the trowel(held nearly perpendicular to the mold)withSpecifications C618 and C989/C989M,provided the alterna-a sawing motion over the length of the mold.tive method has qualified for both Class A and Class C10.4.3 Alternative Methods-Any consolidation methodcements.may be used that meets the qualification requirements of this10.4.4 Qualification Procedure-Contact CCRL to purchasesection.The consolidation method consists of a specificcement samples that have been used in the Proficiency Sampleprocedure,equipment and consolidation device,as selected andProgram(PSP).Four samples(5 kg each)of the class to beused in a consistent manner by a specific laboratory.Thequalified will be required to complete a single qualificationmortar batch size of the method may be modified to accom-(See Note 8).modate the apparatus,provided the proportions maintain the10.4.4.1 In one day,prepare replicate 6-cube or 9-cubesame ratios as given in 10.1.2.10.4.3.1 Separate qualifications are required for the follow-batches using one of the cements and cast a minimum of 36cubes.Complete one round of tests on each cement on differenting classifications:Class A,Non-air-entrained Cements-for use in concrete,days.Store and test all specimens as prescribed in the sectionsbelow.Test all cubes at the age of 7 days.such as sold under Specifications C150/C150M,C595/C595M.andC1157/C1157M.10.4.4.2 Tabulate the compressive strength data and com-Class B,Air-Entrained Cements-for use in concrete,plete the mathematical analyses as instructed in Annex Al.such as sold under Specifications C150/C150M.C595/C595M.10.4.5 Requalification of the Alternate Compaction Method:andC1157/C1157M.10.4.5.1 Requalification of the method shall be required ifClass C,Masonry,Mortar and Stucco Cements-such asany of the following occur:sold under Specifications C91/C91M,C1328/C1328M,and(/)Evidence that the method may not be providing data inC1329/1329M.accordance with the requirements of Table 2.10.4.3.2 An alternative method may only be used to test the(2)Results that differ from the reported final average of acement types as given in 10.4.3.1 above,for which it has beenCCRL-PSP sample with a rating of 3 or less.qualified.(3)Results that differ from the accepted value of a known10.4.3.3 It can also be used for Strength Activity Indexreference sample with established strength values by more thandeterminations for fy ash and slag,such as sold undertwice the multi-laboratory Is values of Table 2.TABLE 2 PrecisionTest Age,CoefficientAcceptableof Variation,Range of TestdaysResults,1s%4d2s%4Portland CementsConstant water-cement ratio:Single laboratory13.18.7310.93910.928.10.6Average3.710.4Multiple laboratories7.320.46.819.06.618.5286.518.2Average6.618.5Blended CementsConstant flow mortar:Single laboratory4.011,33.810.7283.49.6Average443.810.7Multiple laboratories7.822.17.621.5287.420.9Average7.621.5Masonry CementsConstant flow mortar:Single laboratory77.922.328Average21221.8Multiple laboratories11.833.42812.033.9Average11.933.7These numbers represent,respectively,the(1s%)and(d2s%limits asdescribed in Practice C670.