ASTM_C_1028_-_07e1.pdf

Designation:C1028071StandardTest Method forDetermining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tileand Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal DynamometerPull-Meter Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1028;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTE14.1 was editorially revised in February 2010.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of staticcoefficient of friction of ceramic tile or other surfaces underboth wet and dry conditions while utilizing Neolite heelassemblies.2This test method can be used in the laboratory orin the field.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 Rubber Manufacturing Association(RMA)Standard:HS-3 Method of Test for Evaluating Adhesive Bondabilityof Shoe Soling Materials(1975)33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 coeffcient of frictionthe ratio of the horizontalcomponent of force required to overcome or have a tendency toovercome friction to the vertical component of the objectweight or normal force applied through the object which tendsto cause the friction.3.1.2 frictionthe resistance developed between the physi-cal contacting surface of two bodies when there is movementor tendency for movement of one body relative to the otherparallel to the plane of contact.3.1.3 static coeffcient of frictionthe ratio of the horizontalcomponent of force applied to a body that just overcomes thefriction or resistance to slipping to the vertical component ofthe weight of the object or force applied to it.4.Significance and Use4.1 The horizontal dynamometer pull meter and heel assem-blies are designed to determine the static coefficient of frictionof tile and like materials.4.2 The measurement made by this apparatus is believed tobe one important factor relative to slip resistance.Other factorscan affect slip resistance,such as the degree of wear on theshoe and flooring material;presence of foreign material,suchas water,oil,and dirt;the length of the human stride at the timeof slip;type of floor finish;and the physical and mentalcondition of humans.Therefore,this test method should beused for the purpose of developing a property of the flooringsurface under laboratory conditions,and should not be used todetermine slip resistance under field conditions unless thoseconditions are fully described.4.3 Because many variables may enter into the evaluation ofslip resistance of a particular surface,this test method isdesigned to evaluate these surfaces under both laboratory andactual site installation conditions.4.4 The static coefficient of friction is determined underboth wet and dry conditions with Neolite heel assemblies overboth unprepared and prepared(cleaned)test surfaces.5.Apparatus5.1 Dynamometer Pull Meter,horizontal capable of measur-ing 100 lbs.-force(lbf.),accurate to 0.1 lbf.,and capable ofholding the peak value.(see Fig.1).1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved July 15,2007.Published July 2007.Originallyapproved in 1984,(formerly P 155).Last previous edition approved in 1996 asC1028 96,which was withdrawn in 2004 and reinstated in 2006.DOI:10.1520/C1028-07E01.2Neolite or an equivalent has been found satisfactory.Neolite is a registeredtrademark of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.,Shoe Product Division,Windsor,VT 05089 and may be obtained from Smithers Scientific Services,Inc.,425 W.Market St.,Akron,OH 44303(Attn:Technical Director).Specify“Neolite(Break-inCompound),”RMA Spec.HS-3,Size 36 by 44 in.,6 irons,Color:Natural 11,Specific Gravity 1.27 6 0.02,Hardness Shore A93-96.3Available from Rubber Manufacturers Association,1901 Pennsylvania Ave.,NW,Washington,DC 20006.RMA Specification#HS-3.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesNOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information1 5.2 Weight,50-lb(22-kg)Weight shall be either cylindrical(approximately 6 in.in diameter and approximately 8 in.tall)or of rectangular dimensions with the base measuring approxi-mately 6 by 8 in.Weight must be stable,and have a u