ASTM_C_1565_-_09.pdf

Designation:C156509Standard Test Method forDetermination of Pack-Set Index of Portland Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1565;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-set index,which provides an indication of the mechanical forceneeded to overcome the consolidation of portland cement.1.2 The pack-set index number provides a numerical valueuseful for manufacturers who desire to measure and control theeffect that vibration-induced consolidation has upon the manu-factured cement.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.Values stated in SI units shall be obtained bymeasurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion,usingthe rules of Conversion and rounding given in StandardIEEE/ASTM SI 10,of measurements made in other units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.(WARNINGFresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and maycause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolongedexposure.)22.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsIEEE/ASTM SI 10 International System of Units(SI)TheModernized Metric System3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 pack set,na condition of hydraulic cement,exhib-ited in varying degrees,following silo storage or transport inbulk railcars or trucks,that causes the cement to resist flowinguntil considerable mechanical effort has been applied.3.1.2 pack-set index,nthe numerical indication of thedegree of pack set a particular cement exhibits when subjectedto the procedures of this test method.3.1.3 peak voltage,n as pertaining to this method only,the energy in volts applied to consolidate the sample,whichresults in the maximum pack-set index for a particular cementand the apparatus used for the measurement.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Portland cement is placed into a flask and then consoli-dated on a vibrating table by a vibration force controlled bytime and volts.The consolidated bed is measured for relativestrength by turning the flask to a horizontal position androtating in 180 increments until the bed collapses from thebottom of the flask.The number of half turns is a relativeindication of the force required to overcome the consolidationand is designated the pack-set index,or P.S.I.5.Significance and Use5.1 This method is intended to help manufacturers deter-mine the relative pack-set tendency of their cement(s).The testestablishes a pack-set index which,when properly correlatedwith field performance,is useful in predicting or preventingfield unloading difficulties.5.2 The test is an aid to routine control during cementproduction and is not suitable for specification purposes.5.3 In general,field performance of cement flowability issatisfactory when the pack-set index as determined on freshlyground cement averages 0 to 15 and is unsatisfactory when theindex exceeds 25.Any prediction of field performance ofcement flowability measuring 16 to 25 is tenable.These aregeneral ranges and the field performance of individual cementsmay not necessarily fall within these ranges.Additionalconditions,after the cement has left the control of the manu-facturing facility,can affect the apparent pack set index as well.5.4 Any attempt to apply the critical range of pack-set indexnumbers based on freshly ground cement to job cement withoutspecial treatment of the sample would be problematic.The test1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.Current edition approved June 1,2009.Published July 2009.Originally approvedin 2003.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1565 04.DOI:10.1520/C1565-09.2Section on Safety,Manual of Cement Testing,Annual Book of ASTMStandards,Vol 04.01.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 is a“GO-NO GO”type of test and should not be used forspecification purposes.5.5 The pack-set index of field