ASTM_D_1093_-_11.pdf

Designation:D109311Standard Test Method forAcidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their DistillationResidues1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1093;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination ofthe acidity of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation resi-dues.(WarningMany hydrocarbon liquids are extremelyflammable.Harmful if inhaled.Hydrocarbon liquid vapors cancause a flash fire.)1.2 If desired to determine the basicity of a hydrocarbonliquid,proceed in accordance with 9.2 or 9.3,but substitute 3drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution for the methylorange indicator.A pink or red color in the aqueous solutionwhen phenolphthalein is used indicates basicity.1.3 The results obtained by this test method are qualitativeexpressions.However,for the preparation of reagents and inthe procedure,acceptable SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of LubricatingOilsD850 Test Method for Distillation of Industrial AromaticHydrocarbons and Related MaterialsD1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-ganic LiquidsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 acidity,nthe quality,state or degree of being acid.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the criterion foracidity is a pink or red color when methyl orange indicator isused.3.1.2 basicity,nthe quality,state or degree of being basic.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the criterion forbasicity is a pink or red color when phenolphthalein indicatoris used.3.1.3 distillation residue,nthat portion of the sampleremaining after distillation using specified procedures.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample of distillation residue or hydrocarbon liquidis shaken with water and the aqueous layer tested for acidity tomethyl orange indicator.4.2 The aqueous layer can also be tested for basicity usingphenolphthalein indicator.5.Significance and Use5.1 Some petroleum products are treated with mineral acidas part of the refining procedure.Obviously,any residualmineral acid in a petroleum product is undesirable.Theabsence of a positive indication in the test for acidity of thedistillation residue or aqueous extract of a hydrocarbon liquidis an assurance of the care used in refining the fuel or solvent.6.Apparatus6.1 Centrifuge Tube,cone-shaped,100-mL capacity;cali-bration not necessary.6.2 Centrifuge,capable of swinging two centrifuge tubes at1500 rpm.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.Current edition approved Dec.1,2011.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 1950.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D109304(2007).DOI:10.1520/D1093-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 NOTE1Apparatus used for Test Method D91 is satisfactory.7.Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.3Other grades may beused,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.1.1 Commercially prepared solutions may be used whenthey meet or exceed the specifications set in 7.1.7.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated,referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Type IV Specifications D1193.7.3 Ethanol(95%)(WarningFlammable,Vapor Harm-ful,if denatured it cannot be made non-toxic.Either pure grainor denat