ASTM_C_16_-_03_2012.pdf

Designation:C1603(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forLoad Testing Refractory Shapes at High Temperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C16;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-tance to deformation or shear of refractory shapes whensubjected to a specified compressive load at a specifiedtemperature for a specified time.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimensby CastingE220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison Techniques2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Direct-Load Type Furnace(Oil or Gas Fired,or ElectricallyFired);Lever-Load Type Furnace33.Significance and Use3.1 The ability of refractory shapes to withstand prescribedloads at elevated temperatures is a measure of the high-temperature service potential of the material.By definition,refractory shapes must resist change due to high temperature;and the ability to withstand deformation or shape change whensubjected to significant loading at elevated temperatures isclearly demonstrated when refractory shapes are subjected tothis test method.The test method is normally run at sufficientlyhigh temperature to allow some liquids to form within the testbrick or to cause weakening of the bonding system.The resultis usually a decrease in sample dimension parallel to theapplied load and increase in sample dimensions perpendicularto the loading direction.Occasionally,shear fracture can occur.Since the test provides easily measurable changes indimensions,prescribed limits can be established,and the testmethod has been long used to determine refractory quality.Thetest method has often been used in the establishment of writtenspecifications between producers and consumers.3.2 This test method is not applicable for refractory mate-rials that are unstable in an oxidizing atmosphere unless meansare provided to protect the specimens.4.Apparatus4.1 The apparatus shall consist essentially of a furnace anda loading device.It may be constructed in accordance with Fig.1 or Fig.2 or their equivalent.44.1.1 The furnace shall be so constructed that the tempera-ture is substantially uniform in all parts of the furnace.Thetemperature as measured at any point on the surface of the testspecimens shall not differ by more than 10F(5.5C)duringthe holding period of the test or,on test to failure,above2370F(1300C).To accomplish this,it may be necessary toinstall and adjust baffles within the furnace.Aminimum of twoburners shall be used.If difficulty is encountered in followingthe low-temperature portion of the schedule(particularly forsilica brick),a dual-burner system is recommended,one tosupply heat for low temperatures and another for the highertemperatures.4.2 The temperature shall be measured either withcalibrated5,6,7platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouples,each encased in a protection tube with the junction not more1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of C08.01 on Strength.Current edition approved Oct.1,2012.Published November 2012.Originallyapproved in 1917.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C16 03(2008).DOI:10.1520/C0016-03R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJC0016.Original adjunct produced in 1969.4Blueprints of detailed drawings of the furnaces shown in Figs.1 and 2 areavailable from ASTM International.Request ADJC0016.5Test Method E220 specifies calibration procedures for thermocouples.6The National Institutes of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg,MD 20899,will,for a fee,furnish calibrations for radiation-type pyrometers and for thermo-couples.7All temperatures specified in this test conform to the International PracticalTemperature Scale of 1968(IPTS 1968)as described in Metrologia,Vol 5,No.2,1969,pp.3544.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 than 1 in.(25 mm)from the cente