ASTM_C_1778_-_16.pdf

Designation:C177816Standard Guide forReducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reactionin Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1778;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides guidance on how to address thepotential for deleterious alkali aggregate reaction(AAR)inconcrete construction.This guide addresses the process ofidentifying both potentially alkali-silica reactive(ASR)andalkali-carbonate reactive(ACR)aggregates through standard-ized testing procedures and the selection of mitigation optionsto minimize the risk of expansion when ASR aggregates areused in concrete construction.Mitigation methods for ASRaggregatesareselectedusingeitherprescriptiveorperformance-based alternatives.Preventive measures for ACRaggregates are limited to avoidance of use.Because thepotential for deleterious reactions depends not only on theconcrete mixture but also the in-service exposure,guidance isprovided on the type of structures and exposure environmentswhere AAR may be of concern.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC295 Guide for Petrographic Examination ofAggregates forConcreteC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash orNatural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement ConcreteC586 Test Method for PotentialAlkali Reactivity of Carbon-ate Rocks as Concrete Aggregates(Rock-CylinderMethod)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC823/C823M Practice for Examination and Sampling ofHardened Concrete in ConstructionsC856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of HardenedConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete andMortarsC1105 Test Method for Length Change of Concrete Due toAlkali-Carbonate Rock ReactionC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Ag-gregates(Mortar-Bar Method)C1293 Test Method for Determination of Length Change ofConcrete Due to Alkali-Silica ReactionC1567 Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Mate-rials and Aggregate(Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)2.2 ACI Standard:3ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-crete and Commentary1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete andConcrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.50 onRisk Management for Alkali Aggregate Reactions.Current edition approved July 1,2016.Published August 2016.Originallyapproved in 2014.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C177814.DOI:10.1520/C1778-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute(ACI),P.O.Box 9094,FarmingtonHills,MI 48333-9094,http:/www.concrete.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.3 AASHTO Standard:AASHTO PP 65 Standard Practice for Determining theReactivity of Concrete Aggregates and Selecting Appro-priate Measures for Preventing Deleterious Expansion inNew Concrete Construction42.4 CSA Standards:5A23.2-26A Determination of PotentialAlkali-Carbonate Re-activity of Quarried Carbonate Rocks by Chemical Com-positionA23.2-27A Standard Practice to Identify Degree of Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity of Aggregates and to Identify Mea-sures to Avoid Deleterious Expansion in ConcreteA23.2-28A Standard Practice for Laboratory Testing toDemonstrate the Effectiveness of Supplementary Cement-ing Materials and Lithium-Based Admixtures to PreventAlkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this