ASTM_D_1481_-_12.pdf

Designation:D148112Standard Test Method forDensity and Relative Density(Specific Gravity)of ViscousMaterials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1481;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof oils more viscous than 15 cSt at 20C(mm2/s),and ofviscous oils and melted waxes at elevated temperatures,but notat temperatures at which the sample would have a vaporpressure of 100 mm Hg(13 kPa)or above.NOTE1To determine the densities of less viscous liquids at 20 or25C use Test Method D1217.1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure forconverting density to relative density(specific gravity).1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system,kidney and liver damage.Mercury,orits vapor,may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials.Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products.See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)for details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information.Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density(Spe-cific Gravity)of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density,nmass per unit volume at a specifiedtemperature.D40523.1.2 relative density(specific gravity),nthe ratio of thedensity of a material at a stated temperature to the density ofwater at a stated temperature.D40524.Summary of Test Method34.1 The liquid is drawn into the bicapillary pycnometerthrough the removable siphon arm and adjusted to volume atthe temperature of test,in such a manner that there ispractically no drainage in the unfilled tubing.After equilibra-tion at the test temperature,liquid levels are read,and thepycnometer is removed from the thermostated bath,cooled toroom temperature,and weighed.4.2 Density or relative density(specific gravity),as desired,is then calculated from the volume at the test temperature andthe weight of the sample.The effect of air buoyancy is includedin the calculations.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1957.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D148102(2007).DOI:10.1520/D1481-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3For a more complete discussion of this procedure,see Lipkin,M.R.,Mills,I.W.,Martin,C.C.,and Harvey,W.T.,Analytical Chemistry,ANCHA,Vol 21,1949,p.504.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Significance and Use5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can beused in conjunction with other properties to characterize boththe light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to access thequality of crude oils.5.2 Determination of the density or relative density ofpetroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion ofmeasured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of15C.5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated tempera-tures of 40 and 100C is particularly useful in providing thedata needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities incentistokes(mm2/s)to the corresponding dynamic viscositiesin centipoises(mPas).6.Apparatus6.1 Pycnometer4A side-arm type of pycnometer conform-ing to the dimensions given in Fig.1 and made of borosilicateglass.The weight shall not exceed 35 g without the side arm.6.2 RackA rack to use in filling the pycnometer(see Fig.2).6.3 Constant-Temperature OvenAn oven for use in fillingthe pycnometer.Any