ASTM_D_1403_-_10.pdf

Designation:D140310Designation:310/84(92)Standard Test Methods forCone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarterand One-Half Scale Cone Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1403;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for measuringthe consistency of small samples of lubricating greases bypenetration of a14-scale cone or a12-scale cone.These testmethods include procedures for the measurement of unworkedand worked penetrations.1.2 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent theconsistency of greases in use as effectively as do workedpenetrations.The latter are usually preferred for inspectinglubricating greases.1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information only.In theUnited States,the equipment dimensions stated in inches are tobe regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum,PetroleumProducts,and Lubricants2.2 Energy Institute Standard:3IP 50 Method of Testing for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGrease3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 consistency,n of lubricating grease,the degree ofresistance to movement under stress.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe term consistency is used somewhatsynonymously with penetration.Generally,consistency refersto the worked penetration of a grease.D2173.1.2 lubricant,nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.D41753.1.3 lubricating grease,na semi-fluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces.Other ingredientsimparting special properties are often included.D2173.1.4 penetrometer,nan instrument that measures theconsistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials bymeasuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle undera given force falls into the material.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn these test methods,either a one-quarter scale cone(A1.1)or a one-half scale cone(A1.3)canbe used to determine the consistency of lubricating greases.The penetration forces are determined by the respective massesof the cones and shafts.3.1.5 thickener,nin lubricating grease,a substance com-posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers(such asvarious metallic soaps)or plates or spheres(such as certainnon-soap thickeners)which are insoluble or,at the most,onlyvery slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant.The general1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests.In the IP,this test method is under the jurisdiction of the StandardizationCommittee.This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee andaccepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with established procedures.Current edition approved May 1,2010.Published June 2010.Originallyapproved in 1956.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D140302(2007).DOI:10.1520/D1403-10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish St.,London,WIG 7AR,U.K.,http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 requirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,uniformly dispersed,and capable of forming a relatively stable,gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.D2173.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 penetration,n of lubricating grease,the depth inunits of 0.1 mm that a14-scale cone or12-scale cone penetratesthe sample when released to fall under its own weight for 5 s.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe term penetration used in these testmethods is similar to that found in Test Methods