ASTM_D_1322_-_19.pdf

Designation:D132219An American National StandardDesignation:598/12Standard Test Method forSmoke Point of Kerosene and Aviation Turbine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1322;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determina-tion of the smoke point of kerosene and aviation turbine fuel,a manual procedure and an automated procedure,which giveresults with different precision.1.2 The automated procedure is the referee procedure.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System Performance2.2 Energy Institute Standard:3IP 367 Petroleum productsDetermination and applicationof precision data in relation to methods of testIP 598 Petroleum productsDetermination of the smokepoint of kerosene,manual and automated methodNOTE1Only IP 598 published in 2012 by the Institute of Petroleum(now Energy Institute)is equivalent to D1322;IP 57 is not equivalent.3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aviation turbine fuel,nrefined petroleum distillate,generally used as a fuel for aviation gas turbines.3.1.1.1 DiscussionDifferent grades are characterized byvolatility ranges,freeze point,and by flash point.3.1.2 kerosene,nrefined petroleum distillate,boiling be-tween 140 C and 300 C,generally used in lighting andheating applications.3.1.2.1 DiscussionDifferent grades are characterized byvolatility ranges and sulfur content.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 smoke point,nthe maximum height,in millimetres,of a smokeless flame of fuel burned in a wick-fed lamp ofspecified design.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is burned in an enclosed wick-fed lamp thatis calibrated against pure hydrocarbon blends of known smokepoint.The maximum height of flame that can be achieved withthe test fuel without smoking determined by the manual andautomated apparatus is reported to the nearest 0.1 mm.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides an indication of the relativesmoke producing properties of kerosenes and aviation turbinefuels in a diffusion flame.The smoke point is related to thehydrocarbon type composition of such fuels.Generally the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0.03 on Combustion and Thermal Properties.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published December 2019.Originallyapproved in 1954.Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D1322 18.DOI:10.1520/D1322-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish St.,London,WIG 7AR,U.K.,http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 more aromatic the fuel the smokier the flame.A high smokepoint indicates a fuel of low smoke producing tendency.5.2 The smoke point is quantitatively related to the potentialradiant heat transfer from the combustion products of the fuel.Because radiant heat transfer exerts a strong influence on themetal temperature of combustor liners and other hot sectionparts of gas turbines,the smoke point