ASTM_D_128_-_98_2014e1.pdf

Designation:D12898(Reapproved 2014)1Standard Test Methods forAnalysis of Lubricating Grease1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D128;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTEA section reference in subsection 21.1 was corrected editorially in July 2015.1.Scope1.1 These test methods for analysis cover greases of theconventional type,which consist essentially of petroleum oiland soap.The constituents that can be determined are soap,unsaponifiable matter(petroleum oil,and so forth),water,freealkalinity,free fatty acid,fat,glycerin,and insolubles.NOTE1Any of the test methods described herein are best used by anexperienced grease analyst who may also be able to make appropriateadaptations of the techniques as occasion requires.1.2 A supplementary test method is provided in AppendixX1.This test method is intended primarily for application togreases containing thickeners that are essentially insoluble inn-hexane,and to greases that cannot be analyzed by conven-tional methods because of the presence of such constituents asnonpetroleum fluids or nonsoap-type thickeners,or both.Insome cases,these constituents can react with strong acid oralkaline solutions.1.3 These test methods appear in the following order:SectionsAsh Determination7 11Insolubles,Soap,Fat,Petroleum Oil,and Unsaponifiable Matter12 20Free Alkali and Free Acid21 23Water24Glycerin(Quantitative)25 291.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices,and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oilsby the Extraction MethodD804 Terminology Relating to Pine Chemicals,IncludingTall Oil and Related ProductsD1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-ganic LiquidsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1353 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Sol-vents for Use in Paint,Varnish,Lacquer,and RelatedProducts3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 asphalt,na dark brown-to-black cementitious mate-rial in which the predominating constituents are bitumens.3.1.1.1 DiscussionAsphalt can be a natural product or amaterial obtained from petroleum processing.3.1.2 candle pitch,na dark brown-to-black,tarry or solid,by-product residue from soap and candle stock manufacture,refining of vegetable oils,refining of wool grease,or refining ofrefuse animal fats.3.1.3 cup grease,nany lubricating grease having physicalproperties,such as consistency and texture,suitable for its usein spring-loaded or screw-type lubricating cups.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee D02.G0.01 on Chemical and General Laboratory Tests.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published November 2014.Originallyapproved in 1922.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D128 98(2008).DOI:10.1520/D0128-98R14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.3.1 DiscussionCup greases are predominantly NLGINo.3 or 4 calcium greases,but grease types other than calciumare also used.3.1.4 degras(wool fat,wool grease,wool wax),na fat-likematerial comprised primarily of sterols,other higher alcohols,and fatty acids,obtained from the solvent extraction of sheepswool.3.1.5 free alkali,n in lubricating grease,unreacted basic(alkaline)material present in the product.3.1.5.1 DiscussionMany greases are made with a slightexcess of alkali to ensure complete saponification.Free alkaliis determined by acidification of a solvent-thinned specimenand back titration with standardized,alcoholic potassiumhydroxide.It is expressed in terms of the predominating alkaliand a mass%of the total grease composition(for exampl