ASTM_C_133_-_97_2015.pdf

Designation:C13397(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Methods forCold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture ofRefractories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C133;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the coldcrushing strength and the modulus of rupture(MOR)of driedor fired refractory shapes of all types.1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:Test MethodSectionsCold Crushing Strength4 to 9Modulus of Rupture10 to 151.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimensby CastingC1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plasticand Ramming Mix SpecimensE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3.Significance and Use3.1 The cold strength of a refractory material is an indica-tion of its suitability for use in refractory construction.(It is nota measure of performance at elevated temperatures.)3.2 These test methods are for determining the room tem-perature flexural strength in 3-point bending(cold modulus ofrupture)or compressive strength(cold crushing strength),orboth,for all refractory products.3.3 Considerable care must be used to compare the resultsof different determinations of the cold crushing strength ormodulus of rupture.The specimen size and shape,the nature ofthe specimen faces(that is,as-formed,sawed,or ground),theorientation of those faces during testing,the loading geometry,and the rate of load application,may all significantly affect thenumerical results obtained.Comparisons of the results betweendifferent determinations should not be made if one or more ofthese parameters differ between the two determinations.3.4 The relative ratio of the largest grain size to the smallestspecimen dimension may significantly affect the numericalresults.For example,smaller,cut specimens containing largegrains may present different results than the bricks from whichthey were cut.Under no circumstances should 6-by 1-by 1-in.(152-by 25-by 25-mm)specimens be prepared and tested formaterials containing grains with a maximum grain dimensionexceeding 0.25 in.(6.4 mm).3.5 This test method is useful for research and development,engineering application and design,manufacturing processcontrol,and for developing purchasing specifications.COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH4.Apparatus4.1 Testing MachineAny form of standard mechanical orhydraulic compression testing machine conforming to therequirements of Practices E4 may be used.NOTE1For low-strength materials(such as insulating bricks orcastables),a sensitivity of 20 lbf(67 kN)or less is required.The use of ahydraulic testing machine is also preferred over the mechanical type forthese materials.4.2 Spherical Bearing BlockThe plane surface of thespherical bearing block(see Fig.1)shall have an area which isequal to or greater than the cross section of the test specimen.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.Current edition approved March 1,2015.Published May 2015.Originallyapproved in 1937.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C133 97(2008)1.DOI:10.1520/C0133-97R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Test Specimens5.1 Brick and Shapes(bulk density greater than 100 lb/ft3(1.60 g/cm3)The test specimens shall be 2-in.(51-mm)cubes or cylinders,2 in.(51 mm)in diameter by 2 in.(51 mm)high.The height should be parallel to the original direction ofpressing of the brick or shape.In the case of special shapes,only one specimen shall be cut from a single shape and asmany of the original surfaces as possible shall be preserved.Inpreparing specimens from irregular or large refractory shapes,any method involving the use of abrasives,such as a high-speed abrasion wheel,core drill,or rubbing bed,that willproduce a