ASTM_C_1027_-_19.pdf

Designation:C102719Standard Test Method forDetermining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed CeramicTile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1027;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is designed to measure the resistance oftile surfaces to visible surface abrasion.1.2 This procedure may be used to compare tiles of likecolor and finish.No provisions are made for comparing tiles ofdissimilar colors and/or finishes.1.3 Certain irregular surfaces may not be evaluated properlyby this test method because of wear patterns.1.4 This procedure does not optimally evaluate loss of glosswith abrasion.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ISO Standard:ISO 105451423.Significance and Use3.1 The abrasion resistance of tile surfaces is determined byrotation of an abrasive load on the surface and the assessmentof the resultant wear by means of visual comparison of theabraded test specimens and nonabraded tiles.A staining agentin light oil may be used to help determine whether abrasionsurface is likely to result in mechanical entrapment of dirtparticles.4.Abrasive Load4.1 The total load on each test specimen consists of thefollowing:4.1.1 Grade 25 chrome steel balls of various diameters:4.1.1.1 70.0 g of 5-mm diameter steel balls.4.1.1.2 52.5 g of 3-mm diameter steel balls.4.1.1.3 43.75 g of 2-mm diameter steel balls.4.1.1.4 8.75 g of 1-mm diameter steel balls.4.1.2 3.0 g No.80 grit aluminum oxide,and4.1.3 20 6 0.5-mL demineralized water.5.Reagents and Apparatus5.1 Abrasion ApparatusThe abrasion apparatus shall con-sist of a steel case with a built-in electrical drive to a horizontalsupporting plate with positions for a maximum of nine testspecimens of dimensions at least 100 by 100 mm(see Fig.1),but an apparatus with fewer positions may be used.Thedistance between the center of each position shall be 195 mm.There shall be equal distance between each adjacent position.The supporting plate rotates at 300 revolutions/min with aneccentricity of 22.5 mm so that every part of each testspecimen describes a circular motion of 45-mm diameter.Thetest specimens are held down with the aid of metal holders,which are provided with rubber seals(see Fig.2).The internaldiameter of the holders is 83 mm,thus providing a test area ofabout 54 cm2.The thickness of the rubber is 2.5 mm and theheight of the space under the holder is 25.5 mm.The apparatusswitches off automatically after completion of a preset numberof revolutions.The supporting plate with holders and testspecimens should have a cover during operation.5.2 Apparatus for Visual AssessmentA viewing box(seeFig.3)equipped with fluorescent lighting of color temperature5000 to 6500K placed vertically above the surface to beobserved providing 300-lux illumination.The interior of thebox shall be painted a neutral gray.5.3 Drying Oven,capable of operation at(110+5)C.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved June 1,2019.Published June 2019.Originallyapproved 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1027 09(2017).DOI:10.1520/C1027-19.2Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 5.4 10%(v/v)Hydrochloric Acid Solution,prepared byadding 263 mL of 38%hydrochloric acid to 837 mL ofdistilled or demineralized water.6.Test Specimen6.1 Types of Test SpecimensTest specimens shall be rep-resentative of the sample.Where tiles have different color