ASTM_C_1138_-_97.pdf

Designation:C 1138 97Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Concrete(Underwater Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1138;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining therelative resistance of concrete(including concrete overlays andimpregnated concrete)to abrasion under water(see Note 1).This procedure simulates the abrasive action of waterborneparticles(silt,sand,gravel,and other solids).NOTE1Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resis-tance of concrete surfaces not under water.These include Test MethodsC 418,C 779,and C 944.1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to beregarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 42 Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Coresand Sawed Beams of Concrete2C 418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete bySandblasting2C 642 Test Method for Specific Gravity,Absorption,andVoids in Hardened Concrete2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials2C 779 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of HorizontalConcrete Surfaces2C 944 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete orMortar Surfaces by the Rotating Cutter Method2E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic Materials33.Significance and Use3.1 This test method is intended to qualitatively simulate thebehavior of swirling water containing suspended and trans-ported solid objects that produce abrasion of concrete andcause potholes and related effects.3.2 This test method should provide a relative evaluation ofthe resistance of concrete to such action.3.3 The results are expected to be useful in selection ofmaterials,mixtures,and construction practices for use wheresuch action is to be expected.3.4 The test method is not intended to provide a quantitativemeasurement of the length of service that may be expectedfrom a specific concrete.4.Apparatus4.1 Rotating DeviceA drill press or similar device with achuck capable of holding and rotating the agitation paddleunder test conditions at a speed of 1200 6 100 rpm shall beused.4.2 Test ContainerA steel pipe,305 6 6-mm(12 614-in.)inside diameter by 450 6 25-mm(18 6 1-in.)high,fitted with a watertight steel base shall be used(see Fig.1).4.3 Agitation PaddleThe agitation paddle shall be asshown in Fig.2.44.4 Abrasive ChargesSeventy grade 1000 chrome steelgrinding balls with nominal sizes as specified in Table 1 shallbe used.The steel of which the balls are made shall have aRockwell C-scale hardness of 65 6 5 as determined by TestMethods E 18.The balls shall have a smooth texture and noapparent mold seam(see Note 2).5NOTE2An abrasive charge meeting the requirements of Table 1 willhave a mass of approximately 1530 to 1900 g(3.8 to 4.2 lb).When themass of the charge approaches the lower limit,replace the undersize orunderweight balls not complying with Table 1.4.5 ScalesA platform scale having a capacity of at least45 kg(100 lb)or more and accurate to within at least 5.0 g(0.01 lb)at any point within the range used in this test shall beused.The scale shall be equipped with a suitable apparatus forsuspending the sample in its container in water from the centerof the weighing platform.4.6 Weighing BasketA wire basket or other suitable sup-port shall be provided for weighing the specimen in water.Theweighing basket shall be constructed to prevent entrapping airwhen it and the specimen are submerged.4.7 Water TankA suitable watertight tank into which the1This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concreteand Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.62onAbrasion Testing.Current edition approved Jan.10,1997.Published March 1997.Originallypublished as C 1138 89.Last previous edition C 1138 89.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 03.01.4A suitable paddle is Model PS-21,manufactured by the Jiffy Mixer Company,Inc.,1342-3H Bell Ave.,Tustin,CA 92680-6467.5Asuitable source of grinding balls is the Hoover-Universal Company,Route 10,Box 558,Cumming,GA 30130.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.basket and the specimen can be suspended below the scaleshall be furnished.4.8 Seating BlockA minimum of three steel blocks 25 by25 by 25 mm(1 by 1 by 1 in.)shall be used to support thespecimen.5.Test Spec