ASTM_C_469_C469M-14.pdf

Designation:C469/C469M-14NTERNATIONALStandard Test Method forStatic Modulus of Elasticity and Poissons Ratio of Concretein CompressionThis standard is issued under the fixed designation C469/C469M:the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(g)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing1.1 This test method covers determination of(/chordE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-modulus of elasticity(Youngs)and(2)Poissons ratio ofsometer Systemsmolded concrete cylinders and diamond-drilled concrete coresE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inwhen under longitudinal compressive stress.Chord modulus ofASTM Test Methodselasticity and Poissons ratio are defined in Terminology E6.2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsCompressometers(two drawings)and Extensometers(twodrawings)are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,each3.Significance and Usesystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformance3.1 This test method provides a stress to strain ratio valuewith the standard.and a ratio of lateral to longitudinal strain for hardenedconcrete at whatever age and curing conditions may be1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thedesignated.safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-3.2 The modulus of elasticity and Poissons ratio values,priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-applicable within the customary working stress range(0 tobility of regulatory limitations prior to use40 of ultimate concrete strength),are used in sizing ofreinforced and nonreinforced structural members,establishing2.Referenced Documentsthe quantity of reinforcement,and computing stress for ob-2.1 ASTM Standards:2served strains.C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test3.3 The modulus of elasticity values obtained will usuallySpecimens in the Fieldbe less than moduli derived under rapid load applicationC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-(dynamic or seismic rates,for example),and will usually bedrical Concrete Specimensgreater than values under slow load application or extendedC42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilledload duration,given other test conditions being the same.Cores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC174/C174M Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Con-4.Apparatuscrete Elements Using Drilled Concrete Cores4.1 Testing Machine-Use a testing machine capable ofC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Testimposing a load at the rate and of the magnitude prescribed inSpecimens in the Laboratory6.4.The machine shall conform to the requirements of Prac-C617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimenstices E4(Constant-Rate of-Traverse CRT-Type Testing Ma-E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machineschines section).The spherical head and bearing blocks shallconform to the Apparatus Section of Test Method C39/C39M.4.2 Compressometer3-For determining the modulus ofThis test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitteeelasticity use a bonded(Note 1)or unbonded sensing deviceC09.61 on Testing for Strength.that measures to the nearest 5 millionths the average deforma-Current edition approved March 1,2014.Published April 2014.Originallytion of two diametrically opposite gauge lines,each parallel toapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C469-10.DOI:10.1520/C0469_C0469M-14.the axis,and each centered about midheight of the specimen.2 For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page on3 Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.the ASTM website.ADJC0469.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Intemational,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700.West Conshohocken.PA 19428-2959.United States1C469/C469M-14The effective length of each gauge line shall be not less thanethree times the maximum size of the aggregate in the concretenor more than two thirds the height of the specimen:thepreferred length of the gauge line is one half the height of thespecimen.Either use gauge points embedded in or cemented tothe specimen,and read deformation of the two lines indepen-dently;or use a compressometer(such as is shown in Fig.1)consisting of two yokes,one of which(see B,Fig.1)is rigidlyattached to the specimen and the other(see C,Fig.1)attachedat two diametrically opposite points so that it is free to rotate.At one point on the circumference of the rotating yoke,d displacement due to specimen deformationmidway between the two support points,use a pivot rod(see A,r=displacement due to rotation of the yoke about the pivot rodFig.1)to maintain a constant distance between the two yokes.a location of gaugeb=support point of the rotating yokeAt the opposite point on the circumference of the rotating yoke,c=location of pivot rodthe change in distance between the yokes(that is,the gaugeg gauge readingreading)is equal to the sum of the displacement due toFIG.2 Diagram of Displacementsspecimen deformation and the displacement due to rotation ofthe yoke about the pivot rod(see Fig.2).4.2.1 Measure deformation by a dial gauge used directly ortion of the specimen is equal to one-half the gauge reading.Ifwith a lever multiplying system,by a wire strain gauge,or bythese distances are not equal,calculate the deformation asa linear variable differential transformer.If the distances of thefollows:pivot rod and the gauge from the vertical plane passing throughthe support points of the rotating yoke are equal,the deforma-d=8eJ八e,+e.(1)where:d total deformation of the specimen throughout the effec-tive gauge length,um uin.,g gauge reading,um uin.,e,the perpendicular distance,measured to the nearest 0.2mm 0.01 in.from the pivot rod to the vertical planepassing through the two support points of the rotatingyoke,ande=the perpendicular distance,measured to the nearest 0.2mm 0.01 in.from the gauge to the vertical planepassing through the two support points of the rotatingyoke.Procedures for calibrating strain-measuring devices aregiven in Practice E83.NorE 1-Although bonded strain gauges are satisfactory on dryspecimens,they may be difficult,if not impossible.to mount on specimenscontinually moist-cured until tested.4.3 Extensometer-If Poissons ratio is desired,the trans-verse strain shall be determined(/by an unbonded extensom-eter capable of measuring to the nearest 0.5 um 25 uin.thechange in diameter at the midheight of the specimen,or(2)bytwo bonded strain gauges(Note 1)mounted circumferentiallyat diametrically opposite points at the midheight of thespecimen and capable of measuring circumferential strain tothe nearest 5 millionths.A combined compressometer andextensometer(Fig.3)is a convenient unbonded device.Thisapparatus shall contain a third yoke(consisting of two equalsegments)located halfway between the two compressometeryokes and attached to the specimen at two diametricallyopposite points.Midway between these points use a short pivotrod(A,see Fig.3),adjacent to the long pivot rod,to maintaina constant distance between the bottom and middle yokes.Hinge the middle yoke at the pivot point to permit rotation ofthe two segments of the yoke in the horizontal plane.At theFIG.1 Suitable Compressometeropposite point on the circumference,connect the two segmentsC469/C469M-14mens in Practice C192/C192M,or in Practice C31/C31M.Subject specimens to the specified curing conditions and test atthe age for which the elasticity information is desired.Testspecimens within I h after removal from the curing or storageroom.Specimens removed from a moist room for test shall bekept moist by a wet cloth covering during the interval betweenremoval and test.5.2 Drilled Core Specimens-Cores shall comply with therequirements for drilling,and moisture conditioning applicableto compressive strength specimens in Test Method C42/C42M.except that only diamond-drilled cores having a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1.50 shall be used.Requirementsrelative to storage and to ambient conditions immediately priorto test shall be the same as for molded cylindrical specimens.5.3 The ends of the test specimens shall be made perpen-dicular to the axis+0.001 rad+0.5and plane within 0.05mm 0.002 in.If the specimen as cast does not meet theplaneness requirements,planeness shall be accomplished bycapping in accordance with Practice C617,or by lapping,or bygrinding.It is not prohibited to repair aggregate popouts thatoccur at the ends of specimens,provided the total area ofpopouts does not exceed 10%of the specimen area and therepairs are made before capping or grinding is completed(Note2).Planeness will be considered within tolerance when a 0.05mm 0.002 in.feeler gauge will not pass between thespecimen surface and a straight edge held against the surface.FIG.3 Suitable Combined Compressometer-ExtensometerNorE 2-Repairs may be made by epoxying the dislodged aggregateback in place or by filling the void with capping material and allowingadequate time for it to harden.through a dial gauge or other sensing device capable ofmeasuring transverse deformation to the nearest 1.27 um 505.4 Measure the diameter of the test specimen by caliper touin.If the distances of the hinge and the gauge from thethe nearest 0.2 mm 0.01 in.by averaging two diametersvertical plane passing through the support points of the middlemeasured at right angles to each other near the center of theyoke are equal,the transverse deformation of the specimenlength of the specimen.Use this average diameter to calculatediameter is equal to one-half the gauge reading.If thesethe cross-sectional area.Measure and report the length of adistances are not equal,calculate the transverse deformation ofmolded specimen,including caps,to the nearest 2 mm 0.1 in.the specimen diameter in accordance with Eq 2.Measure the length of a drilled specimen in accordance withTest Method C174/C174M;report the length,including caps,d=ge八ete(2)to the nearest 2 mm 0.1 in.where:d6.Proceduretransverse deformation of the specimen diameter,umin.,6.1 The temperature surrounding the specimen shall nottransverse gauge reading,um uin.vary by more than 2C 4Fduring a test.enthe perpendicular distance,measured to the nearest 0.2mm 0.01 in.from the hinge to the vertical plane6.2 Except as provided in 6.5,use at least two companionpassing through the support points of the middle yoke,specimens to determine the compressive strength in accordanceandwith Test Method C39/C39M prior to the test for modulus ofthe perpendicular distance,measured to the nearest 0.2elasticity.mm 0.01 in.from the gauge to the vertical planepassing through the support points of the middle yoke.6.3 Place the specimen,with the strain-measuring equip-ment attached,on the lower platen or bearing block of thetesting machine.Carefully align the axis of the specimen with4.4 Balance or Scale,accurate to 50 g 0.1 Ibshall be usedthe center of thrust of the spherically-seated upper bearingif necessary.block.Note the reading on the strain indicators.Beforeapplying the load on the specimen,tilt the movable portion of5.Test Specimensthe spherically seated block by hand so that the bearing face5.1 Molded Cylindrical Specimens-Mold test cylinders inappears to be parallel to the top of the test specimen based onaccordance with the requirements for compression test speci-visual observation.C469/C469M-146.4 Load the specimen at least three times.Do not recordsive stress by dividing the testing machine load by theany data during the first loading.Base calculations on thecross-sectional area of the specimen calculated from theaverage of the results of the subsequent loadings.diameter determined in accordance with 5.4.6.4.1 Apply the load continuously and without shock.Set7.Calculationtesting machines of the screw type so that the moving headtravels at a rate of about7.1 Calculate the modulus of elasticity,to the nearest1 mm/min 0.05 in./minwhen the machine is running idle.In200 MPa 50,000 psias follows:hydraulically operated machines,apply the load at a constantE=(S2-S,)/(82-0.000050(3)rate within the range 250+50 kPa/s 35 7 psi/s.Load thespecimen until the applied load is 40 of the average ultimatewhere:load of the companion specimens.This is the maximum loadchord modulus of elasticity,MPa psi,for the modulus of elasticity test.stress corresponding to 40 of ultimate load,6.4.2 During the first loading,observe the performance ofSstress corresponding to a longitudinal strain,of 50the gauges(Note 3).Correct any attachment or alignmentmillionths,MPa psi,anddefects that may be causing erratic readings prior to the secondlongitudinal strain produced by stress S2.loading.For the second and subsequent loadings,obtain each7.2 Calculate Poissons ratio,to the nearest 0.01,as follows:set of readings as follows:Record,without interruption of=(e2-E)/(e2-0.000050)(4)loading,the applied load and longitudinal strain at the point(/when the longitudinal strain is 50 microstrain and(2)when thewhere:applied load is equal to 40%of the ultimate load of thePoissons panion specimens(see 6.5).Longitudinal strain is defined2transverse strain at midheight of the specimen pro-as the measured longitudinal deformation of the specimenduced by stress S2,anddivided by the effective gauge length.transverse strain at midheight of the specimen pro-NorE 3-The first loading is primarily for the seating of the gauges.Ifduced by stress S.a dial gauge is used to measure longitudinal deformation,it is convenient8.Reportto set the gauge before each loading so that the indicator will pass the zeropoint at a longitudinal strain of 50 microstrain.8.1 Report the following information:6.4.3 If Poissons ratio is to be determined,record the8.1.1 Specimen identification number,transverse strain at the same points.The transverse strain is the8.1.2 Dimensions of specimen,in millimetres inches,measured change in specimen diameter divided by the original8.1.3 Curing and environmental histories of the specimen,diameter.8.1.4 Age of the specimen,6.4.4 If a stress-strain curve is to be determined,take8.1.5 Strength of the concrete,if determined,readings at two or more intermediate points without interrup-8.1.6 Unit weight of the concrete,if determined,tion of loading;or use an instrument that makes a continuous8.1.7 Stress-strain curves,if plotted,record of the gauge readings.8.1.8 Chord modulus of elasticity,and6.4.5 Upon reaching the maximum load,except on the final8.1.9 Poissons ratio,if determined.loading,reduce the load to zero at the same rate at which it was9.Precision and Biasapplied.9.1 Precision-The single-operator-machine multibatch6.5 It is not prohibited to obtain the modulus of elasticityprecision is+4.25(RIS%)max,as defined in Practiceand strength on the same loading provided that the gauges areE177,over the range from 17 to 28 GPa 2.5 to 4 x 10 psi;expendable,removable,or adequately protected so that it istherefore.the results of tests of duplicate cylinders frompossible to comply with the requirement for continuous loadingdifferent batches should not depart more than 5%from thegiven in Test Method C39/C39M.In this case,record severalaverage of the two.intermediate readings to obtain a stress-strain curve up to at9.2 Bias-This test method has no bias because the valuesleast 40 of the ultimate load and determine the strain valueat 40 of the ultimate by interpolation.determined can only be defined in terms of the test method.6.6 If intermediate readings are taken,plot the results of10.Keywordseach of the tests with the longitudinal strain as the abscissa and10.1 compression testing;concrete;modulus of elasticity;the compressive stress as the ordinate.Calculate the compres-Poissons ratio4C469/C469M-14SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C469/C469M-10)that may impact the use of this standard.(Approved March 1,2014)(/)Section 6 was revised extensively.Three loading cycles ismandatory.ASTM Intemational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or serviceastm.org(e-mail):or through the ASTM 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