ASTM_B_962_-_17.pdf

Designation:B96217Standard Test Methods forDensity of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy(PM)Products Using Archimedes Principle1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B962;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This standard describes a method for measuring thedensity of powder metallurgy products that usually havesurface-connected porosity.1.2 The density of impermeable PM materials,those mate-rials that do not gain mass when immersed in water,may bedetermined using Test Method B311.1.3 The current method is applicable to green compacts,sintered parts,and green and sintered test specimens.1.4 With the exception of the values for density and themass used to determine density,for which the use of the gramper cubic centimetre(g/cm3)and gram(g)units is the long-standing industry practice,the values in inch-pound units are tobe regarded as standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy(PM)Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy(PM)terms can befound in Terminology B243.Additional descriptive material isavailable in the Related Material section of Vol.02.05 of theAnnual Book of ASTM Standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 green density(Dg)the mass per unit volume of anunsintered PM part or test specimen.3.2.2 impregnated density(Di)the mass per unit volumeof a sintered PM part or test specimen,impregnated with oil.3.2.3 sintered density(Ds)the mass per unit volume of asintered,non oil-impregnated PM part or test specimen.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The test specimen is first weighed in air.It is then oilimpregnated or some other treatment is used to seal thesurface-connected porosity and the specimen is reweighed.Thetest specimen is then weighed when immersed in water and itsdensity calculated based on Archimedes principle.5.Significance and Use5.1 The volume of a complex shaped PM part cannot bemeasured accurately using micrometers or calipers.Sincedensity is mass per unit volume,a precise method for measur-ing the volume is needed.Archimedes principle may be usedto calculate the volume of water displaced by an immersedobject.For this to be applicable to PM materials that containsurface connected porosity,the surface pores are sealed by oilimpregnation or some other means.5.2 The green density of compacted parts or test pieces isnormally determined to assist during press set-up,or for qualitycontrol purposes.It is also used for determining the compress-ibility of base powders,mixed powders,and premixes.5.3 The sintered density of sintered PM parts and sinteredPM test specimens is used as a quality control measure.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 onMetal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B09.04 on Bearings.Current edition approved April 1,2017.Published May 2017.Originallyapproved in 2008.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B962 15.DOI:10.1520/B0962-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 5.4 The impregnated density of sintered bearings is nor-mally measured for quality control purpos