ASTM_D_1578_-_93_2022.pdf

Designation:D157893(Reapproved 2022)Standard Test Method forBreaking Strength of Yarn in Skein Form1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1578;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the break-ing strength of yarn in skein form.The observed breakingstrength is expressed in units of force,and equations areprovided to convert breaking strength to skein breaking tenac-ity and to skein break factor.NOTE1For the determination of the breaking strength and elongationof yarn by the single strand method,refer to Test Method D2256.1.2 This test method is applicable to spun yarns,eithersingle or plied,composed of any fiber or blend of fibers,but isnot suitable for yarns which stretch more than 5%when thetension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex or 0.03 to 0.08gf/denier.1.3 This test method provides three options based on theperimeter of the reel,the number of wraps in the skein,and themachine speed or time-to-break.1.3.1 Option 1Eighty,forty,or twenty turns on a 1.50 m or1.5-yd reel,broken at 300 mm/min or 12 in./min.1.3.2 Option 2Fifty turns on a 1.00 m or 1-yd reel,brokenat 300 mm/min or 12 in./min.1.3.3 Option 3Fifty turns on a 1 m reel,broken in 20 s.NOTE2Option 1 is in general use in the United States,Option 2 isused for woolen yarns,and Option 3 has been proposed in the Interna-tional Standards Organization(ISO)for international use.NOTE3Metric reels are available with 1 and 1.125 m circumferences.Data from the two reels will be about 1%different(see 5.6).ISO uses a1 m circumference reel.1.4 This test method is frequently combined with thedetermination of linear density carried out on the same skeins.Special precautions for reeling such skeins are noted.1.5 Where appropriate,this test method states all require-ments in SI units.The traditional units are inch-pound and areexact values.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn(Yarn Num-ber)by the Skein MethodD2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by theSingle-Strand MethodD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data(With-drawn 2008)3D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this testmethod:breaking force,force,skein break factor,skein,skeinbreaking tenacity,skein strength,strength,refer to Terminol-ogy D4849.3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D123.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved Feb.1,2022.Published March 2022.Originallyapproved in 1958.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D1578 93(2016).DOI:10.1520/D1578-93R22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.14.Summary of Test Method4.1 A skein of yarn,prepared by winding the prescribednumber of turns on a reel,is broken on a tensile testingmachine.NOTE4If the yarn number is also required for the determination ofskein breaking tenacity or break f