ASTM_D_1460_-_86_2014.pdf

Designation:D146086(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyChange in Length During LiquidImmersion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1460;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a technique to measure theeffect of immersion liquids on rubber vulcanizates or rubberymaterials.Change in specimen geometry and dimensions areobserved through the transparent walls of the tube containingthe specimen immersed in the liquid.Although it may beemployed with any liquid,it is especially applicable to liquidsthat are so volatile that they must be maintained under pressureduring the period of immersion.1.2 This test method differs from Test Method D471 in thatvolume changes are approximated from observed dimensionalchanges rather than being calculated directly.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD1349 Practice for RubberStandard Conditions for Test-ingD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials,Equipment,and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized SheetsD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from Products3.Significance and Use3.1 This test method gives the rubber technologist twomeans to evaluate the effect of liquids on rubber vulcanizatesor rubbery materials.Volatile,nonvolatile,and other liquidsthat require pressure to maintain a liquid state may be used.Data obtained on rubbery materials exposed to liquids by thismethod may be used to predict their behavior in applicationsinvolving similar exposure.These changes in length have beenfound to be useful for specifications but do not necessarilyindicate changes for design purposes.4.Test Fluid4.1 The test liquid may be any one of the standard liquidsdescribed in Test Method D471,or any other liquids to whichthe vulcanizate may be exposed in service.Mixtures of volatileliquid and oil may be employed in Apparatus B,in which casethe oil shall be introduced with the specimen,and the volatileliquid introduced later by way of the lower valve.5.Apparatus5.1 Two types of apparatus may be used,as follows:5.1.1 Apparatus A consists of a plain glass tube 10 mm inoutside diameter and 250 mm long,sealed at one end.A glassrod 7.5 mm in diameter and approximately 20 mm in length isplaced in the bottom of each tube to support the test specimen.The opposite end of the tube is closed by a small vented rubberstopper after the fluid and specimen have been introduced,or,in the case of a volatile liquid,this end may be heat-sealed.5.1.2 Apparatus B consists of a 300-mm(12-in.)length ofextra-heavy glass pipe with flanged ends,approximately 20mm(34in.)in inside diameter,one end being closed originallyby a blind flange with suitable gasket,and the other by asimilar blind flange applied after the specimen has beenintroduced.Both flanges are drilled,tapped,and connected tometal valves by short lengths of threaded tubing.The lowervalve is for admitting the fluid after the pipe has been closed;the upper valve is for discharging the vapors of the liquid at theconclusion of the test.5.2 Apparatus B is preferred to Apparatus A when employ-ing a liquid that requires pressure(not exceeding 1.1 MPa(160psi)to maintain it in the liquid state during the period ofimmersion.This category includes most refrigerants,liquidpetroleum gases,anhydrous ammonia,and so forth.By the useof Apparatus B,the difficult and possibly hazardous operationof heat-sealing the tube is avoided.For pressures above 1.11This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10 on Physical Testing.Current edition approved Nov.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1957.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1460 86(2010).DOI:10.1520/D1460-86R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 MPa(160 psi)it is still necessary to employApparatusA,usingtubing of sufficient wall thickness to support the pressure.Foruse with Apparatus B,it is assumed that the liquid is availablein a metal container