ASTM_C_1027_-_09.pdf

Designation:C102709Standard Test Method forDetermining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed CeramicTile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1027;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is designed to measure the resistance oftile surfaces to visible surface abrasion.Certain irregularsurfaces may not be evaluated properly by this test methodbecause of wear patterns.1.2 This procedure does not make provisions for the appar-ent difference in abrasion values between light and darkcolored tile.1.3 This procedure does not optimally evaluate loss of glosswith abrasion.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ISO Standard:ISO 105451423.Significance and Use3.1 The abrasion resistance of tile surfaces is determined byrotation of an abrasive load on the surface and the assessmentof the resultant wear by means of visual comparison of theabraded test specimens and nonabraded tiles.A staining agentin light oil may be used to help determine whether abrasionsurface is likely to result in mechanical entrapment of dirtparticles.4.Abrasive Load4.1 The total load on each test specimen consists of thefollowing:4.1.1 Grade 25 chrome steel balls of various diameters:4.1.1.1 70.0 g of 5-mm diameter steel balls.4.1.1.2 52.5 g of 3-mm diameter steel balls.4.1.1.3 43.75 g of 2-mm diameter steel balls.4.1.1.4 8.75 g of 1-mm diameter steel balls.4.1.2 3.0 g No.80 grit aluminum oxide,and4.1.3 20 6 0.5-mL demineralized water.5.Reagents and Apparatus5.1 Abrasion ApparatusThe abrasion apparatus shall con-sist of a steel case with a built-in electrical drive to a horizontalsupporting plate with positions for a maximum of nine testspecimens of dimensions at least 100 by 100 mm(see Fig.1),but an apparatus with fewer positions may be used.Thedistance between the center of each position shall be 195 mm.There shall be equal distance between each adjacent position.The supporting plate rotates at 300 revolutions/min with aneccentricity of 22.5 mm so that every part of each testspecimen describes a circular motion of 45-mm diameter.Thetest specimens are held down with the aid of metal holders,which are provided with rubber seals(see Fig.2).The internaldiameter of the holders is 83 mm,thus providing a test area ofabout 54 cm2.The thickness of the rubber is 2.5 mm and theheight of the space under the holder is 25.5 mm.The apparatusswitches off automatically after completion of a preset numberof revolutions.The supporting plate with holders and testspecimens should have a cover during operation.5.2 Apparatus for Visual AssessmentA viewing box(seeFig.3)equipped with fluorescent lighting of color temperature5000 to 6500K placed vertically above the surface to beobserved providing 300-lux illumination.The interior of thebox shall be painted a neutral gray.5.3 Drying Oven,capable of operation at(110+5)C.5.4 10%(v/v)Hydrochloric Acid Solution,prepared byadding 263 mL of 38%hydrochloric acid to 837 mL ofdistilled or demineralized water.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved Dec.15,2009.Published February 2010.Originallyapproved 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1027 99(2004).DOI:10.1520/C1027-09.2Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 FIG.1 Top View of the Abrasion TesterFIG.2 Side View of the Abrasion TesterC1027 092 6.Test Specimen6.1 Types of Test SpecimensTest specimens shall be rep-resentative of the sample.Where tiles have different colors ordecorative effects in parts of the surface,care should be takento include all distinctive parts.6.2 The usual facial dimensions of test specimens are 10 cmby 10 cm,but any size that fits securely in the apparatus shallsuffice(for example,a common“four by four”in.tile shallsuffice).Test specimens with smaller facial dimensions shall befastened close together on a suitable supporting material.Edgeeffects at the narrow joints shall be ignored.6.3 Number of Test SpecimensEleven test specimens arerequired.Eight test specimens also are required for the visualassessment.The procedure