ASTM_C_94-C94M-15a.pdf

Designation:C94/C94M-15aINTERNATIONALStandard Specification forReady-Mixed Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M:the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or.in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense1.Scope*2.Referenced Documents1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as de-2.1 ASTM Standards:fined in 3.2.2(Note 1).Requirements for quality of ready-C31/C3IM Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Testmixed concrete shall be either as stated in this specification orSpecimens in the Fieldas ordered by the purchaser.When the purchasersC33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregatesrequirements,as stated in the order,differ from those in thisC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-specification,the purchasers requirements shall govern.Thisdrical Concrete Specimensspecification does not cover the placement,consolidation,C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-curing.or protection of the concrete after delivery to thegregatespurchaser.C138/C138M Test Method for Density(Unit Weight).Yield,and Air Content(Gravimetric)of ConcreteNore 1-Concrete produced by volumetric batching and continuousmixing is covered in Specification C685.Fiber-reinforced concrete isC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cementcovered in Specification C1116.Concrete1.2 The values stated in either SI units,shown in brackets,C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cementor inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;cretetherefore,each system shall be used independently of the other.C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedCombining values from the two systems may result in non-Concrete by the Volumetric Methodconformance with the standard.C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure Method1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturerC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesproduces ready-mixed concrete.The purchaser buys ready-for Concretemixed concrete.C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesStructural Concretewhich provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotesC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for(excluding those in tables and figures)shall not be consideredConcreteas requirements of the standard.C567/C567M Test Method for Determining Density of1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the saferyStructural Lightweight Concreteconcerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibilityC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cementsof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcinedhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryNatural Pozzolan for Use in Concretelimitations prior to use.(Warning-Fresh hydraulic cementi-C637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shieldingtious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns toConcreteskin and tissue upon prolonged use.C685 Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batch-ing and Continuous MixingC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inThis specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and MortarsConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved Aug.1.2015.Published October 2015.Originallyapproved in 1933.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C94/C94M-15.DOl:3 For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org.or10.1520/C0094_C0094M-15A.contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM2 See Section on Safety Precautions,Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing.Standards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onAnnual Book of ASTM Standards.Vol 04.02.the ASTM website.A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Hartor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesASTM InC94/c94M-15aC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall beUse in Producing Flowing Concretedetermined from the total mass of the batch divided by theC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshlydensity of the concrete.The total mass of the batch shall beMixed Hydraulic-Cement Concretedetermined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch asC1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concretedelivered,including the total mixing water as defined in 9.3.Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria forThe density shall be determined in accordance with TestTesting Agency EvaluationMethod C138/C138M.The yield shall be determined as theC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andaverage of at least three measurements,one from each of threeShotcretedifferent transportation units sampled in accordance withC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for HydraulicPractice C172/C172M.CementNorE 2-It should be understood that the volume of hardened concreteC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitiousmay be,or appear to be.less than expected due to waste and spillage.Mixturesover-excavation,spreading forms,some loss of entrained air,or settlementC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theof wet mixtures,none of which are the responsibility of the producer.Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-5.MaterialsConsolidating Concrete5.1 In the absence of designated applicable material2.2 ACI Documents:specifications,the following material specifications shall beACI 211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions forused:Normal,Heavyweight,and Mass Concrete5.2 Cementitious Materials:ACI 211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for5.2.1 Hydraulic Cement-Hydraulic cement shall conformStructural Lightweight Concreteto Specification C150/C150M,Specification C595/C595M,orACI 214R Guide to Evaluation of Strength Test Results ofSpecification C1157/C1157M.Concrete5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious Materials-Coal fly ashACI 301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concreteor natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618.SlagACI 305R Guide to Hot Weather Concretingcement shall conform to Specification C989/C989M.SilicaACI 306R Guide to Cold Weather Concretingfume shall conform to Specification C1240.ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-crete and Commentary5.3 Aggregates-Normal weight aggregates shall conform2.3 Other Documents:to Specification C33/C33M.Lightweight aggregates shall con-NIST 105-1 National Institute of Standards and Technologyform to Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight aggre-Handbookgates shall conform to Specification C6375.4 Water-Water shall conform to Specification C1602/3.TerminologyC1602M3.1 Definitions-The terms used in this specification are5.5 Air-Entraining Admixtures-Air-entraining admixturesdefined in Terminology C125.shall conform to Specification C260/C260M(Note 3).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:5.6 Chemical Admixtures-Chemical admixtures shall con-3.2.I concrete,central-mixed,n-ready-mixed concreteform to Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M asmixed completely in a stationary mixer.applicable(Note 3).3.2.2 concrete,ready-mixed,n-concrete manufactured andNorE 3-In any given instance,the required dosage of air-entraining.delivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.accelerating.and retarding admixtures may vary.Therefore,a range of3.2.3 concrete,shrink-mixed,n-ready-mixed concrete par-dosages should be allowed,which will permit obtaining the desired effect.NorE 4-Interchanging kinds,characteristics,types,classes,or gradestially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in aof the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concretetruck mixer.of different properties.3.2.4 concrete,truck-mixed,n-ready-mixed concrete com-6.Ordering Informationpletely mixed in a truck mixer.6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general4.Basis of Purchasespecifications,the purchasers order shall include the follow-4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubicing:metre of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportation6.1.I Designated size,or sizes,of coarse aggregate,unit.6.1.2 Slump,or slumps,desired at the point of delivery(seeSection 7 for acceptable tolerances).4 Available from American Concrete Institute(ACD.P.O.Box 9094.Farmington6.1.3 Slump flow,or flows,desired at the point of deliveryHills,MI 48333-9094.http:/www.concrete.org.(see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances).s NIST Handbook 105-1(revised 1990).Specifications and Tolerances for6.1.4 Total air content at the point of delivery for concreteReference Standards and Field Standard Weights and Measures-1.Specificationsand Tolerances for Field Standard Weights(NIST Class F).National Institute ofthat will be exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing orStandards and Technology.U.S.Dept.of Commerce,http:/www.nist.gov/pml/anticipated exposure of the concrete(see Section 8 for sam-wmd/upload/105-1.pdf.pling for air content tests and tolerances).t ASTM inteC94/C94M-15aTABLE 1 Total Air Content for Air-Entrained Concrete Exposed to Cycles of Freezing and ThawingTotal Air Content,ExposureNominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate,in.mmCondition%9.5司h12.5司%19.0125.01防37.5)250.0375.0(See Note5】Moderate6.05.55.04.54.54.03.5Severe7.57.06.06.05.55.04.5Nore 5-Table I provides total air contents for concrete that vary by6.2 If a project specification applies,the order shall includeexposure condition and aggregate size.Total air contents less than thoseapplicable requirements for the concrete to be produced inshown in Table I may be specified or used for concrete that is not subjectto freezing and thawing.This may be done to improve workability andcompliance with the specification.cohesiveness,reduce the rate of bleeding.reduce the water content for a6.3 If the type,kind,or class of cementitious materials ingiven consistency,or achieve required lightweight concrete density.Specified total air contents higher than those shown in Table I may reduce5.2.1 and 5.2.2 are not designated by the purchaser,it isstrength without any further improvement of durability.permitted to use cementitious materials in concrete mixturesExposure conditions for freezing and thawing environments in Table Ithat will satisfy the concrete properties and other requirementscorrespond to the following:of the purchaser as ordered.Moderate Exposure-Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles but notin contact with the ground or with limited exposure to water.limiting the6.4 Option A:ability to cause saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing.6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toThe concrete shall not receive deicing salts or other aggressive chemicals.assume full responsibility for the selection of the proportionsExamples include:exterior beams,columns,walls,girders,footings belowthe frost line.or elevated slabs where application of deicing salt is notfor the concrete mixture(Note 9),the purchaser shall alsoanticipated.The air content requirements for this exposure are consistentspecify the following:with those for Exposure Class FI of ACI 318.6.4.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-Severe Exposure-Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles while inmined on samples taken from the transportation unit at thecontact with the ground or with frequent exposure to water.potentiallycausing saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing.Thepoint of discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18.concrete may receive deicing chemicals or other aggressive chemicals.The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of theExamples include:pavements,bridge decks.curbs.gutters.sidewalks,compressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan-canal linings,or exterior water tanks or sumps.The air content require-dard laboratory conditions for moist curing(see Section 18).ments for this exposure are consistent with those for Exposure Classes F2and F3 of ACI 318.Unless otherwise specified the age at test shall be 28 days.6.1.5 Which of Options A,B.or C shall be used as a basisNore 9-The purchaser.in selecting requirements for which hefor determining the proportions of the concrete to produce theassumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements forworkability.placeability.durability.surface texture,and density.in addi-required quality.tion to those for structural design.The purchaser is referred to Standard6.1.6 When lightweight concrete is specified.the equilib-Practice ACI 211.I and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection ofrium density,proportions that will result in concrete suitable for various types ofstructures and conditions of exposure.The water-cement ratio of mostNor 6-The density of fresh concrete is the only measurable densitystructural lightweight concretes cannot be determined with sufficientof lightweight concrete at the time of delivery.The density of freshaccuracy for use as a specification basis.concrete is always higher than the equilibrium or oven-dry density.Therefore,for acceptance of lightweight concrete based on density at the6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser,the manufacturer shall,time of delivery,a relationship between the equilibrium density andprior to the actual delivery of the concrete,furnish a statementdensity of fresh concrete needs to be established.Definitions of.andto the purchaser,giving the dry masses of cement and saturatedmethods for determining or calculating equilibrium and oven-dry density.are covered by Test Method C567/C567M.surface-dry-masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,type,and name of admixtures(if any)and of water per cubic6.1.7 When high-density or heavyweight concrete isyard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in thespecified,the density of fresh concrete,andmanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.Nore 7-High-density or heavyweight concrete typically containsThe manufacturer shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to theaggregate with a relative density of 3.3 or greater conforming topurchaser that the materials to be used and proportions selectedSpecification C637.This concrete is used for radiation shielding or otherwill produce concrete of the quality specified.applications where higher density is required by design.For acceptance ofdensity at the time of delivery.a relationship between the fresh density and6.5 Option B:the density of hardened concrete required by design should be established.6.5.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for the6.1.8 If desired,any of the optional requirements of Table 2proportioning of the concrete mixture,he shall also specify thein Specification C1602/C1602M.following:6.1.9 Purchaser shall state any drum revolution limit as to6.5.1.1 Cement content in pounds per cubic yard kilogramswhen the concrete discharge must begin.If no drum revolutionper cubic metreof concrete,limit is stated by purchaser,the manufacturer shall determine6.5.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons perand communicate the limit to the purchaser prior to delivery.cubic yard litres per cubic metre of concrete,includingNor 8-An example of a drum revolution limit would be XXXsurface moisture on the aggregates,but excluding water ofrevolutions.absorption(Note 9).andC94/C94M-15a6.5.1.3 If admixtures are required,the type,name,anddelivery ticket as outlined in 14.2.A certified copy of alldosage to be used.The cement content shall not be reducedproportions as established in Options A,B,or C shall be on filewhen admixtures are used under this option without the writtenat the batch plant.approval of the purchaser.6.8 The purchaser shall ensure that the manufacturer is6.5.2 At the request of the purchaser,the manufacturer shall,provided copies of all reports of tests performed on concreteprior to the actual delivery of the concrete,furnish a statementsamples taken to determine compliance with specificationto the purchaser giving the sources,densities,and sieverequirements.Reports shall be provided on a timely basis.analyses of the aggregates and the dry masses of cement andsaturated-surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and7.Tolerances in Slump or Slump Flowquantities,type and name of admixture(if any)and of water7.1 Unless other tolerances are indicated by the purchaser.per cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used inthe following shall apply.the manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the7.l.I When slump is stated as a“maximum”or“not topurchaser.exceedrequirement:6.60 otion CTolerances forMaximumor Not to ExceedSlumps6.6.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toFor Slump of:Toleranceassume responsibility for the selection of the proportions forthe concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cement3 in.75 mmor less+0 and-11 40 mmMore than 3 in.75 mm+0 and-2%65 mmcontent specified(Note 10),the purchaser shall also specify thefollowing:7.1.2 When slump is stated as a target or nominal slump:6.6.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined onTolerances for Target or Nominal Slumpssamples taken from the transportation unit at the point ofFor Slump of:Tolerancedischarge evaluated in accordance with Section 18.The pur-2 in.50 mmand lesskin.15mmchaser shall specify the requirements for strength in terms ofMore than 2 through 4 in.50 to 100 mm1in.25mmtests of standard specimens cured under standard laboratoryMore than 4 in.100 mm1hin.40mmconditions for moist curing(see Section 18).Unless otherwiseNorE 11-This option applies when slump is stated as a target slump orspecified the age at test shall be 28 daysnominal slump.For other ways of stating slump.the tolerances should be6.6.1.2 Minimum cement content in pounds per cubic yardindicated by the purchaser.kilograms per cubic metreof concrete.7.1.3 When the purchaser states a slump flow requirement6.6.1.3 If admixtures are required,the type,name,andfor self-consolidating concrete:dosage to be used.The cement content shall not be reducedTolerances for Slump Flowwhen admixtures are used.For Slump FlowToleranceNorE 10-Option C can be distinctive and useful only if the designatedminimum cement content is at about the same level that would ordinarilyLess than or equal to 22 in.550 mm)1hin.【40mmlMore than 22 in 550 mm2hin.【65mmbe required for the strength,aggregate size,and slump or slump flowspecified.At the same time,it must be an amount that will be sufficient to7.1.4 The slump tolerances are applicable when waterensure durability under expected service conditions,as well as satisfactoryaddition in accordance with 12.7 is permitted.surface texture and density.in the event specified strength is attained withit.For additional information refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1 and7.2 Concrete shall be available within the permissible rangeStandard Practice 211.2 referred to in Note 9.of slump or slump flow for a period of 30 min starting either on6.6.2 At the request of the purchaser,the manufacturer shall,arrival at the job site or after the initial slump adjustmentprior to the actual delivery of the concrete,furnish a statementpermitted in 12.7,whichever is later.The first and last V yd4 mdischarged are exempt from this requirement.If theto the purchaser,giving the dry masses of cement and saturatedsurface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,user is unprepared for discharge of the concrete from thetype,and name of admixture(if any)and of water per cubicvehicle,the producer shall not be responsible for the limitationyard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in theof minimum slump or slump flow after 30 min have elapsedstarting either on arrival of the vehicle at the prescribedmanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.He shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser thatdestination or at the requested delivery time,whichever is later.the materials to be used and proportions selected will produce8.Air-Entrained Concreteconcrete of the quality specified.Whatever strengths areattained the quantity of cement used shall not be less than the8.I Unless otherwise specified,for air-entrained concreteminimum specified.the total air contents in Table I shall apply based on theexposure condition stated in the purchase order.It is permitted6.7 The proportions arrived at by Options A,B,or C forto reduce the total air content values in Table I by oneeach class of concrete and approved for use in a project shallpercentage point for concretes with a specified compressivebe assigned a designation to facilitate identification of eachstrength greater than or equal to 35 MPa 5000 psil.Total airconcrete mixture delivered to the project.This is the designa-content that differs from the values in Table I is permitted fortion required in 14.1.7 and supplies information on concreteconcrete not exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing(Noteproportions when they are not given separately on each5)C94/C94M-15a8.2 The air content of air-entrained concrete when sampledNore 14-The batching accuracy limit of 0.3%of scale capacityfrom the transportation unit at the point of discharge shall beestablishes a reasonable minimum weighing tolerance limit that iswithin a tolerance of 1.5 of the specified value.independent of the quantity of material being weighed.It generallygovers for smaller batch quantities weighed in weigh batchers(scales).8.3 When a preliminary sample taken within the time limits9.3 Mixing water shall consist of water added to the batch.of 12.7 and prior to discharge for placement shows an airice added to the batch,water occurring as surface moisture oncontent below the specified level by more than the allowablethe aggregates,and water introduced in the form of admixtures.tolerance in accordance with 8.2,the manufacturer may useThe added water shall be measured by mass or volume to anadditional air entraining admixture to achieve the desired airaccuracy of I of the required total mixing water.Added icecontent level,followed by a minimum of 30 revolutions atshall be measured by mass.In the case of truck mixers,anymixing speed,so long as the revolution limit of 6.1.9 is notwash water retained in the drum for use in the next batch ofexceeded(see Note 12).concrete shall be accurately measured:if this proves imprac-NorE 12-Acceptance sampling and testing in accordance with Practicetical or impossible the wash water shall be discharged prior toC172/C172M is not obviated by this provision.loading the next batch of concrete.Total water(including anywash water)shall be measured or weighed to an accuracy of9.Measuring Materials+3%of the specified total amount.9.1 Except as otherwise specifically permitted,cementitious9.4 Chemical admixtures in powdered form shall be mea-materials shall be measured by mass.When supplementarysured by mass.Liquid chemical admixtures shall be batched bycementitious materials are used in the concrete mixtures,themass or volume.Admixturesmeasured by either mass orcumulative mass is permitted to be measured with hydraulicvolume,shall be batched with an accuracy of+3%of the totalcement,but in a batch hopper and on a scale which is separateamount required or plus or minus the amount or dosageand distinct from those used for other materials.The mass ofrequired for 100 lb 50 kgof hydraulic cement,whichever isthe hydraulic cement shall be measured before supplementarygreater.cementitious materials.When the quantity of cementitiousmaterial exceeds 30 of the full capacity of the scale,theNore 15-Admixture dispensers of the mechanical type capable ofadjustment for variation of dosage,and of simple calibration,aremeasured quantity of the hydraulic cement shall be withinrecommended.1%of the required mass,and the cumulative measuredquantity of hydraulic cement plus supplementary cementitious10.Batching Plantmaterials shall also be within I of the required cumulativemass at each intermediate weighing.For smaller batches to a10.I Bins with adequate separate compartments shall beminimum of I ydI m,the measured quantity of theprovided in the batching plant for fine and for each requiredhydraulic cement and the measured cumulative quantity ofsize of coarse aggregate.Each bin compartment shall behydraulic cement plus supplementary cementitious materialsdesigned and operated so as to discharge efficiently and freely.used shall be not less than the required amount nor more thanwith minimum segregation,into the weighing hopper.Means4%in excess.When the purchaser requires alternate methodsof control shall be provided so that,as the quantity desired inof measuring cementitious materials,measurement methodsthe weighing hopper is approached,the material shall be shutand reporting shall be stated in the order(see Note 13).off with precision.Weighing hoppers shall be constructed so asto eliminate accumulations of tare materials and to dischargeNor 13-Cementitious materials in bags may be used when requestedfully.by the purchaser.10.2 Indicating devices shall be in full view and near9.2 Aggregate shall be measured by mass.Batch massenough to be read accurately by the operator while charging themeasurements shall be based on dry materials and shall be thehopper.The operator shall have convenient access to allrequired mass of dry materials plus the total mass of moisturecontrols.(both absorbed and surface)contained in the aggregate9.2.1 For aggregates measured in individual or cumulative10.3 Scales shall be considered accurate if their accuracy isweigh batchers,when the required intermediate or final mass isverified through the normally used capacity in accordance withless than 30 of the scale capacity the aggregate mass shall beTable 2 and load indicated relative to applied test load is withinwithin 0.3%of scale capacity or within 3%of the0.15 of the total capacity of the scale or 0.4 of the netrequired mass,whichever is less.applied load,whichever is greater.The minimum quantity and9.2.2 When aggregates are measured in an individual weighsequence of applied test loads used to verify material scalesbatcher and the required mass of aggregate is equal to orshall conform to Table 2 and its notes.greater than 30%of the scale capacity,the quantity of10.4 All exposed fulcrums,clevises,and similar workingaggregate shall be within 2 of the required mass.Whenparts of scales shall be kept clean.Beam scales shall beaggregates are measured in a cumulative aggregate weighequipped with a balance indicator sensitive enough to showbatcher,and the required intermediate and final cumulativemovement when a weight equal to 0.1 of the nominalmass of aggregate components is equal to or greater than 30%capacity of the scale is placed in the batch hopper.Pointerof the scale capacity,the quantity of aggregate at eachtravel shall be a minimum of 5 of the net-rated capacity ofsuccessive weighing shall be within 1%of the requiredthe largest weigh beam for underweight and 4%for over-mass.weight.