ASTM_D_1480_-_15.pdf

Designation:D148015Standard Test Method forDensity and Relative Density(Specific Gravity)of ViscousMaterials by Bingham Pycnometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1480;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the mea-surement of the density of materials which are fluid at thedesired test temperature.Its application is restricted to liquidsof vapor pressures below 80 kPa(600 mm Hg)and viscositiesbelow 40 000 mm2/s(cSt)at the test temperature.The methodis designed for use at any temperature between 20 C and100 C.It can be used at higher temperatures;however,in thiscase the precision section does not apply.NOTE1For the determination of density of materials which are fluidat normal temperatures,see Test Method D1217.1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure forconverting density to specific gravity.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system,kidney and liver damage.Mercury,orits vapor,may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials.Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products.See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)for details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information.Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products in your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density(Spe-cific Gravity)of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density,nmass per unit volume at a specifiedtemperature.D40523.1.2 relative density,nthe ratio of the density of amaterial at a stated temperature to the density of water at astated temperature.D40524.Summary of Test Method4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into the pycnometer,equilibrated to the desired temperature,and weighed.Thedensity or specific gravity is then calculated from this weightand the previously determined calibration factor,and a correc-tion is applied for the buoyancy of air.5.Significance and Use5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can beused in conjunction with other properties to characterize boththe light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess thequality of crude oils.5.2 Determination of the density or relative density ofpetroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion ofmeasured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of15 C.5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated tempera-tures of 40 C and 100 C is particularly useful in providing thedata needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities in1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved Dec.1,2015.Published February 2016.Originallyapproved in 1957.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D148012.DOI:10.1520/D1480-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 mm2/s(centistokes)to the corresponding dynamic viscositiesin mPas(centipoises).6.Apparatus6.1 Pycnometer,3Bingham-type of 10 mL capacity(asshown in Fig.1),constructed of heat-resistant4glass.NOTE2Pycnometers having capacities of 2 mLto 25 mLare availablebut have not been cooperatively evaluated.6.2 Constant-Temperature Bath,provided with suitable py-cnometer holders and means for maintaining temperaturesconstant to 6 0.01 C in the desired range.Water-glycerinmixtures can be used for temperatures up to 100 C.6.3 Bath Thermometer,graduated in 0.1 C subdivisions andstandardized for the range of use to the nearest 0.01 C(ASTMSaybolt Viscosity Thermometers 17 C to 22 C,conformingto the