ASTM_D_1435_-_13.pdf

Designation:D143513Standard Practice forOutdoor Weathering of Plastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1435;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This practice is intended to cover procedures for theexposure of plastic materials to weather.NOTE1See Practice G24 for aging under glass.1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which thematerial is to be exposed and the general procedure to befollowed.It is intended for use with finished articles ofcommerce as well as with all sizes and shapes of testspecimens.1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering willdepend on the intended use for the test material.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE2This standard and ISO 877.2-2009,Method A,are technicallyequivalent.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsE772 Terminology of Solar Energy ConversionG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-ing of Nonmetallic MaterialsG24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight FilteredThrough GlassG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weath-ering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 877.2-2009 PlasticsMethods of exposure to solarradiationPart 2:Direct weathering and exposure behindglass33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of technical terms pertain-ing to plastics used in this practice,see Terminologies D883,D1600,G113,and E772.4.Significance and Use4.1 Tests conducted in accordance with this practice areused to evaluate the stability of plastic materials when they areexposed outdoors.The relative durability of plastics in outdooruse can be very different depending on the location of theexposure because of differences in ultraviolet(UV)radiation,time of wetness,temperature,pollutants,and other factors.Itcannot be assumed,therefore,that results from one exposure ina single location will be useful for determining relativedurability in a different location.Exposures in several locationswith different climates that represent a broad range of antici-pated service conditions are recommended.4.1.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations,re-sults from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict theabsolute rate at which a material degrades.Several years ofrepeat exposures are needed to get an average test result for agiven location.4.2 The results of short-term exposure tests can provide anindication of relative outdoor performance,but they should notbe used to predict the absolute long-term performance of amaterial.The results of tests conducted for less than twelvemonths will depend on the particular season of the year inwhich they begin.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.Current edition approved June 1,2013.Published July 2013.Originally approvedin 1956.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1435-05.DOI:10.1520/D1435-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Apparatus5.1 The test site shall conform to the requirements ofPractice G7.Unless otherwise specified,position exposureracks so that they face the equator.The angle of the exposurerack relative to the horizontal can vary depending upon theend-use conditions that are being evaluated.NOTE3Test sites at latitudes less than 2327 from the equator ineither hemisphere will have a period during the year when the declinationof the sun will exceed the latitude of the site.5.1.1 At-Latitude RacksThese racks shall be adjusted suchthat the exposed surfaces are at an angle from the horizontalcorrespondi