ASTM_D_1244_-_98_2011.pdf

Designation:D124498(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forDesignation of Yarn Construction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1244;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis practice conforms in general with the practices adopted by the International Organization forStandardization in Document ISO 1139,Designation of Yarns.The ISO document,however,coversthe use of the tex direct yarn numbering system only,whereas ASTM Practice D1244,as in previoustexts,also covers other direct yarn numbering systems and traditional indirect yarn numberingsystems.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers instructions for the designation ofyarn construction and is applicable to single yarns,plied yarns,and cabled yarns or cords of filaments or spun fibers.Theapplication of the practice to specific cases is illustrated withexamples.This practice does not cover the description ofnovelty yarns or core spun yarns of various types.1.2 The primary purpose of this practice is to establish areference system for use in the trade and particularly for use incorrespondence and publications.To secure a simplifiednotation,certain portions may be omitted provided there is nodoubt as to the omitted parts.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD861 Practice for Use of the Tex System to Designate LinearDensity of Fibers,Yarn Intermediates,and Yarns2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 1139 Designation of Yarns3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 resultant yarn number,nthe yarn number based onthe observed mass per unit length of a plied yarn,a cabled yarn,or a yarn whose number has been changed by processing suchas twisting or bulking.3.1.1.1 DiscussionA calculated yarn number obtainedfrom the yarn number(s)of the components should not becalled a resultant yarn number.3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in thispractice,refer to Terminology D123.4.Explanation of Abbreviations and Symbols4.1 BA symbol designating the resultant yarn number ofbulked yarns,to be placed before the numerical value.4.2 RA symbol designating the resultant yarn number ofplied or cabled yarns,to be placed before the numerical value.4.3 The multiplication symbol is used before the num-ber of identical component strands combined in any stage ofmanufacture for yarns numbered in a direct yarn numberingsystem.4.4+The plus sign is used to denote the addition orcombination of dissimilar component strands in a more com-plex structure.4.5/When used with direct yarn numbers,the solidusdenotes the separation of a structure numbered in a direct yarnnumbering system into its component strands.When used withindirect yarn numbers,the solidus denotes combining(plying)1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved Dec.1,2011.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 1952.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D124498(2005).DOI:10.1520/D1244-98R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 of identical component strands,numbered in an indirect yarnnumbering system.See also Note 2.4.6 fAn abbreviation for filaments,to be placed before thenumber of filaments.4.7 t0Symbol indicating zero twist in a yarn.4.8 tpiAn abbreviation for turns of twist per inch in ayarn.4.9 tpmAn abbreviation for turns of twist per metre in ayarn.4.10()Parentheses are used to enclose information de-scribing the material from which the yarn is made.4.11 Brackets are used to enclose the description ofdissimilar components forming a subcomponent of a cabledyarn or cord.4.12 Braces are used to enclose the description ofdissimilar components forming a multiple wound yarn,pliedyarn,cabled yarn,or cord.4.13 NecAbbreviation for cotton count.4.14 NwwAbbreviation for worsted count.4.15 NweAbbreviation for woolen run.4.16 den.Abbreviation for denier.NOTE1Other abbreviations