ASTM_D_1217_-_12.pdf

Designation:D121712Standard Test Method forDensity and Relative Density(Specific Gravity)of Liquids byBingham Pycnometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1217;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the densityof pure hydrocarbons or petroleum distillates boiling between90 and 110C that can be handled in a normal fashion as aliquid at the specified test temperatures of 20 and 25C.1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure forthe conversion of density to relative density(specific gravity).1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system,kidney and liver damage.Mercury,orits vapor,may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials.Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products.See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)for details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information.Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warningstatements are given in Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density,nmass per unit volume at a specifiedtemperature.D40523.1.2 relative density,nthe ratio of the density of amaterial at a stated temperature to the density of water at astated temperature.D40524.Summary of Test Method4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into a pycnometer,equilibrated to the desired temperature,and weighed.Therelative density(specific gravity)or density is then calculatedfrom this weight and the previously determined weight ofwater that is required to fill the pycnometer at the sametemperature,both weights being corrected for the buoyancy ofair.5.Significance and Use5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property which can beused in conjunction with other properties to characterize purehydrocarbons and their mixtures.5.2 This test method was originally developed for thedetermination of the density of the ASTM Knock Test Refer-ence Fuels n-heptane and isooctane,with an accuracy of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1952.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D121793(2007).DOI:10.1520/D1217-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 0.00003 g/mL.Although it is no longer employed extensivelyfor this purpose,this test method is useful whenever accuratedensities of pure hydrocarbons or petroleum fractions withboiling points between 90 and 110C are required.6.Apparatus6.1 Pycnometer,Bingham-type,3conforming to the dimen-sions given in Fig.1,constructed of borosilicate glass,andhaving a total weight not exceeding 30 g.6.2 Constant-Temperature Bath,provided with suitable py-cnometer holders or clips and means for maintaining tempera-tures constant to 60.01C in the desired range.6.3 Bath Thermometer,graduated in 0.1C subdivisions andstandardized for the ice point and the range of use to the nearest0.01C.ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Thermometer 17C as pre-scribed in Specification E1,designed for tests at 21.1C and25C,is recommended.A standardized platinum resistancethermometer may also be used,and offers the best means forobserving minute temperature changes in the bath.Whichevermeans are available,it must be realized that for most hydro-carbons the density coefficient is about 0.0008 units/C,andtherefore an error of 60.013C would cause an error of60.00001