ASTM_C_497_-_17.pdf

Designation:C49717Standard Test Methods forConcrete Pipe,Manhole Sections,or Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C497;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover testing of concrete pipe,manhole sections,and tile.The test methods described are usedin production testing and acceptance testing to evaluate theproperties provided for in the specifications.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionExternal Load Crushing Strength4Flat Slab Top5Core Strength6Absorption7Hydrostatic8PermeabilityManhole Step910Cylinder Strength11Gasket Lubricant12Joint Shear13Alkalinity14Gasket Measurements151.3 The test specimens shall not have been exposed to atemperature below 40F for the 24 h immediately precedingthe test.1.4 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasonssuch as failure of testing equipment or improper specimenpreparation,it shall be discarded and another specimen taken.1.5 Specimens shall be selected in accordance with thespecifications for the type of pipe or tile being tested.1.6 Acomplete metric companion to Test Methods C497 hasbeen developedC497M;therefore,no metric equivalents arepresented in these methods.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC1231/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps inDetermination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe,see Terminology C822.4.External Load Crushing Strength Test by the Three-Edge Bearing Test Method4.1 Summary of Test MethodThe test specimen is tested ina machine designed to apply a crushing force upon thespecimen in a plane through the vertical axis extending alongthe length of the specimen.4.2 Significance and UseThe crushing test shall be eithera quality control test performed to establish that the finished,1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methodsof Test.Current edition approved April 1,2017.Published May 2017.Originallyapproved in 1962.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C497 16a.DOI:10.1520/C0497-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 shippable pipe has sufficient strength to withstand the crushingloads stated in the specifications or a proof of design testperformed to prove the adequacy of design.4.3 Apparatus:4.3.1 The testing machine shall be of any type of sufficientcapacity and shall be capable of providing the rate of loadingprescribed in 4.5.3.4.3.2 The testing machine shall be substantial and rigidthroughout,so that the distribution of the load will not beaffected appreciably by the deformation or yielding of any part.4.3.3 The three-edge-bearing method of loading shall beused.The test specimen shall be supported on a lower bearingof two parallel longitudinal s