ASTM_C_359_-_13.pdf

Designation:C35913Standard Test Method forEarly Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement(Mortar Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C359;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of earlystiffening in hydraulic-cement mortar.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Warning:Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are causticand may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue uponprolonged exposure.21.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures)shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement PasteC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC778 Specification for SandC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 early stiffening,nthe early development of stiffnessin the working characteristics of a hydraulic-cement paste,mortar,or concrete;varieties include false set and flash set.3.1.2 false set,nthe early development of stiffness in theworking characteristics of a hydraulic-cement paste,mortar,orconcrete without the evolution of much heat,which stiffnesscan be dispelled and plasticity regained by further mixingwithout addition of water;also known as“grab set,”“premature stiffening,”“hesitation set,”and“rubber set.”3.1.3 flash set,nthe early development of stiffness in theworking characteristics of a hydraulic-cement paste,mortar,orconcrete,usually with the evolution of considerable heat,which stiffness cannot be dispelled nor can the plasticity beregained by further mixing without addition of water;alsoknown as“quick set.”4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A mortar is prepared with the cement to be tested,usingspecified quantities of cement,standard sand,and an amount ofwater that will produce a mortar with an initial penetration of46 6 3 mm,using the modified Vicat apparatus.Measurementsof penetration are made at stipulated intervals after the begin-ning of the mixing procedure.Upon completion of the firstseries of penetration measurements,the mortar is returned tothe mixer to be remixed.Following the remix procedure,anadditional penetration,termed the remix penetration,is deter-mined.The report is a tabulation of the penetration measure-ments and the amount of mixing water used.5.Significance and Use5.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine thedegree to which a cement mortar develops early stiffening.It isintended for use by those interested in methods for determiningthe potential early stiffening of hydraulic cement.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.30 on Time of Set.Current edition approved Dec.1,2013.Published January 2014.Originallyapproved in 1955.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C359 08.DOI:10.1520/C0359-13.2Section on Safety,Manual of Cement Testing,Annual Book of ASTMStandards,Vol 04.01.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.2 When used for estimating the relative tendency of acement to manifest early stiffening,a judgment may be madeby comparing the behavior in the penetration series(see 10.4.1and 10.4.2)and the remix procedure(see 10.4.3)to differen-tiate a relatively less serious and less persistent t