ASTM_D_1263_-_94_1999.pdf

Designation:D 1263 94(Reapproved 1999)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forLeakage Tendencies of Automotive Wheel Bearing Greases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1263;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the leakagetendencies of wheel bearing greases when tested under pre-scribed laboratory conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardinformation see Note 2 and Annex A2.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGrease2D 3527 Test Method for Life Performance of AutomotiveWheel Bearing Grease3D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum,PetroleumProducts,and Lubricants3D 4290 Test Method for Determining the Leakage Tenden-cies of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease under Acceler-ated Conditions2E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers4E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometers43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricating grease,na semi-fluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces.Other ingredients arecommonly included to impart special properties.D 2173.1.2 lubricant,nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.D 41753.1.3 thickener,nin lubricating grease,a substance com-posed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe solid thickener can be fibers(suchas various metallic soaps)or plates or spheres(such as certainnon-soap thickeners)which are insoluble or,at the most,onlyvery sightly soluble in the liquid lubricant.The generalrequirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,uniformly dispersed,and capable of forming a relatively stable,gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.D 2173.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 automotive wheel bearing grease,n a lubricatinggrease specifically formulated to lubricate automotive wheelbearings at relatively high grease temperatures and bearingspeed.D 35273.2.2 leakage,nof wheel bearing grease,separation andoverflow of grease or oil from the bulk grease charge,inducedby high temperature and bearing rotation.D 42904.Summary of Test Method4.1 The grease is distributed in a modified front-wheel huband spindle assembly.The hub is rotated at a speed of 660 630 rpm for 6 h 6 5 min,at a spindle temperature which israised to and then maintained at 105 6 1.2C(220 6 2.5F).Leakage of grease or oil,or both,is measured,and thecondition of the bearing surface is noted at the end of the test.5.Significance and Use5.1 The test method provides a screening device that per-mits differentiation among products having distinctly differentleakage characteristics(Note 1).It is not the equivalent oflongtime service tests,nor is it intended to distinguish betweenwheel bearing greases showing similar or borderline leakage.NOTE1It is possible for skilled operators to observe significantchanges in other important grease characteristics that occurred during the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G on Lubricating Grease.Current edition approved Jan.15,1994.Published March 1994.Originallypublished as D 1263 53 T.Last previous edition D 1263 92.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.03.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.test.Such additional information can be of special interest to individualoperators.The observations,however,are subject to differences inpersonal judgment among operators,and cannot be used effectively forquantitative rating.6.Apparatus6.1 The apparatus shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2 has been foundsuitable and is described in detail in Annex A1.The testerconsists of a special front wheel hub and spindle assembly,thehub being rotated by an electric motor through a V-belt drive.The assembly is encased in a thermostatically con