ASTM_C_977_-_10.pdf

Designation:C97710Standard Specification forQuicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C977;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydratedlime,either high calcium,dolomitic,or magnesian lime,for usein stabilization of soils(See Note 2).NOTE1Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and mayrender such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearing applications.In most cases,lime causes finely divided clayparticles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens bychemical reaction.NOTE2No attempt is made to present requirements for by-productlime,commercial lime slurry,etc.Specification requirements for thesematerials could be better determined on a local basis.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,Quicklime,and Hydrated LimeC50 Practice for Sampling,Sample Preparation,Packaging,and Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsC51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone(as usedby the Industry)C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,Hydrated Lime,and LimestoneD6276 Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-LimeProportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization3.Chemical Composition3.1 Unless otherwise specified,for definitions of terms usedin this specification,refer to Terminology C51.3.2 Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shallconform to the following chemical composition:Calcium and Magnesium Oxides(on a non-volatile basis,minimum%)90.0Carbon Dioxide(taken at point of manufacture,maximum%)5.0Free Moisture(taken at point of manufacture,maximum%)2.04.Physical Properties4.1 Hydrated Lime,shall have not more than 3%retainedon a No.30(590-m)sieve and not more than 25%retainedon a No.200(75-m)sieve.4.2 Quicklime:4.2.1 Particle Size of QuicklimeQuicklime shall all pass a1.0-in.(24.4-mm)sieve.4.2.2 Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a tempera-ture rise of a minimum of 30C in 20 min.4.2.3 Residue of QuicklimeQuicklime for soil stabiliza-tion shall have not more than 10%residue.5.Field Applications5.1 When quicklimes are used,ensure that thorough mixingof the lime and soil is accomplished and all lime pebbles havebeen hydrated with additional water and distributed uniformlythroughout the soil.There shall be no lime pebbles presentbefore the compaction operation starts.Check by turning soilwith a spade at representative intervals and inspect for visiblelime pebbles.Care should be exercised on initial dry applica-tions to minimize environmental dusting.5.2 For hydrated limes,additional water shall be added tothe lime-soil mixture to facilitate mixing and uniform distri-bution of the hydrated lime in the soil layer.There shall be nolime clumps present before the compaction operation starts.Check by turning soil with a spade at representative intervals1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Limeand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications andGuidelines.Current edition approved Nov.1,2010.Published December 2010.Originallyapproved in 1983.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C97703(2009).DOI:10.1520/C0977-03R09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 and inspect for visible lime clumps.Care should be exercisedon initial dry applications to minimize environmental dusting.36.Test Method6.1 The chemical analysis of quicklime and hydrated limeshall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods C25.6.2 The particle size of hydrated lime shall be determined inaccordance with the sieve analysis of hydrated lime in TestMethods C110.6.3 The quicklime temperature rise and residue should bedetermined in accordance with the Slaking Rate of Quicklimein Test