ASTM_C_482_-_02_2014.pdf

Designation:C48202(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forBond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C482;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abilityof glazed ceramic wall tile,ceramic mosaic tile,quarry tile,andpavers to be bonded to portland cement paste.This test methodincludes both face-mounted and back-mounted tile.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C150 Specification for Portland CementC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-posesC242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProducts3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of the types of tile listed in 1.1,refer toTerminology C242.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of bonding tile under con-trolled conditions to a pure portland cement paste bond coat,supported by a cement mortar bed.4.2 After proper cure of the test assembly,a load is appliedto one edge of the tile and the load increased at a definite rateuntil the bond between tile and bond coat is broken.4.3 Because the laboratory method of applying shear stressrapidly loads both tile and setting bed in compression,astronger than normal setting bed for the test specimens isspecified.This avoids failure of the setting bed before thedesired failure at the tile-bond coat interface occurs.In real tileinstallations with portland cement paste an entirely differentloading mechanism,usually generated primarily by shrinkingof the setting bed or structural backing,results in mild tensionin setting bed and mild compression in the tile,but the sametype of shear stress occurs between tile and bond coat as doesin response to the laboratory loading method.The finding of anadequate bond strength under the conditions of this test methodcan be taken as proof that the tested tile could be permanentlybonded in a properly installed conventional installation usingthe lean,low-shrinkage mortars customarily specified for thisparticular purpose.4.4 To maintain practical sample size and limit maximumbreaking load,tile larger than nominal 414in.(108 mm)on aside must be cut to 4 in.(102 mm).5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means of determiningwhether or not tile of the types indicated in 1.1 can be bondedwith adequate strength to portland cement paste.Tile specifi-cations can refer to this test method in order to establishminimum bond strength limits appropriate to the serviceconditions that are anticipated.5.2 Separation between bond coat and setting bed,orbreakage of the setting bed itself shall not be consideredfailures of tile bond.6.Apparatus6.1 MoldsFive frame-type molds having inside dimen-sions 6 by 412by 2 in.(152 by 114 by 51 mm)in depth.Themolds shall be made of38-in.(9.5-mm)thick rigid materialsuch as brass,and the inside faces of the molds shall present asmooth surface.They shall be constructed in such a mannerthat they can be taken apart without damage to the moldedcement block.Diagrams of suitable molds are shown in Fig.1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C482 02(2009).DOI:10.1520/C0482-02R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.2 Compression Testing MachineThe testing machinemay be either a hydraulic or screw type,with an accuracy of61.0%.It shall be capable of applying a uniformly distributedshearing load at a rate of 200 6 20 psi/min(1.4 6 0.1MPa/min)to the tile being tested.To obtain the actual loadingrate in lbf/min(kgf/min)for a particular tile size,multiply thebonded area of the tile in square inches by 200 6 20(in pascalsby 1.4 6 0.1).6.3 Fix