ASTM_C_188_-_16.pdf

Designation:C18816American Association StateHighway and Transportation Officials StandardAASHTO No.:T133Standard Test Method forDensity of Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C188;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof hydraulic cement.Its particular usefulness is in connectionwith the design and control of concrete mixtures.1.2 The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the massof a unit volume of the solids.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures arecaustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue uponprolonged exposure.21.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of RefractoryMaterials by Gas-Comparison PycnometerC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD2638 Test Method for Real Density of Calcined PetroleumCoke by Helium Pycnometer3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology C125.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a procedure for the determi-nation of density of hydraulic cement samples using non-instrumental techniques.5.Apparatus5.1 Le Chatelier flaskThe standard flask,which is circularin cross section,with shape and dimensions conformingessentially to Fig.1(Note).The requirements in regard totolerance,inscription and length,spacing,and uniformity ofgraduation will be rigidly observed.There shall be a space ofat least 10 mm between the highest graduation mark and thelowest point of grinding for the glass stopper.5.1.1 The material of construction shall be excellent qualityglass,transparent and free of striae.The glass shall bechemically resistant and shall have small thermal hysteresis.The flasks shall be thoroughly annealed before being gradu-ated.They shall be of sufficient thickness to ensure reasonableresistance to breakage.5.1.2 The neck shall be graduated from 0 to 1 mL and from18 to 24 mL in 0.1-mL graduations.The error of any indicatedcapacity shall not be greater than 0.05 mL.5.1.3 Each flask shall bear a permanent identification num-ber and the stopper,if not interchangeably ground,shall bearthe same number.Interchangeable ground-glass parts shall bemarked on both members with the standard-taper symbol,followed by the size designation.The standard temperatureshall be indicated,and the unit of capacity shall be shown bythe letters“mL”placed above the highest graduation mark.5.2 Kerosine,free of water,or naphtha,having a densitygreater than 0.73 g/mL at 23 6 2C shall be used in the densitydetermination.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.25 on Fineness.Current edition approved Dec.15,2016.Published December 2016.Originallyapproved in 1944.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C188 15.DOI:10.1520/C0188-16.2Section on Safety,Manual of Cement Testing,Annual Book of ASTMStandards,Vol.04.01.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.3 The use of alternative equipment or methods for deter-mining density is permitted provided that a single operator canobtain results within 60.03 g/cm3of the results obtained usingthe flask method.NOTE1The design is intended to ensure complete drainage of theflask when emptied,and stability of standing on a level surface,as well asaccuracy and precision of reading.5.3.1 The following alternative methods using helium fordensity determination are permitted:5.3.1.1 The methodology as described in Test Method C604.Sections of the standard relating to grinding the sample shall beomitted because cement is already a powder.5.3.1.2 The methodology as described in Test MethodD2638.Sectio