ASTM_D_1666_-_11.pdf

Designation:D166611Standard Test Methods forConducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base PanelMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1666;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONOne of the significant characteristics of wood and wood-base panels is the facility with which theycan be machined and fabricated.Different species and products,however,vary greatly in theirbehavior under cutting tools,so that some systematic method is needed for determining theirsuitability for uses where the character of the machined surface is of prime importance.Such usesinclude cabinetwork,millwork,and other applications where favorable machining properties areessential to good finish.For such products as common boards,on the other hand,good machiningproperties are secondary,although still an asset.The machining test procedures presented in these test methods cover such common operations asplaning,routing/shaping,turning,boring,mortising,and sanding.They are the result of many yearsof extensive research and development and include practical methods for qualitatively evaluating andinterpreting the results.Because of their satisfactory use with a wide range of materials,it is believedthat the methods are equally applicable to species,hardwoods and softwoods,and to wood-base panelmaterials,such as plywood,particleboard,fiberboard,and hardboard.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing,routing/shaping,turning,mortising,boring,and sanding,all ofwhich are common wood-working operations used in themanufacture of wood products.These tests apply,in differentdegrees,to two general classes of materials:1.1.1 Wood in the form of lumber,and1.1.2 Wood-base panel materials such as plywood andwood-base fiber and particle panels.1.2 Because of the importance of planing,some of thevariables that affect the results of this operation are exploredwith a view to determining optimum conditions.In most of theother tests,however,it is necessary to limit the work to one setof fairly typical commercial conditions in which all thedifferent woods are treated alike.1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of themachining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel.Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis forevaluation of machining properties.Rate of dulling of cuttingtools and power consumed in cutting are also importantconsiderations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.1.4 Although the methods presented include the results ofprogressive developments in the evaluation of machiningproperties,further improvements may be anticipated.Forexample,by present procedures,quality of the finished surfaceis evaluated by visual inspection,but as new mechanical orphysical techniques become available that will afford improvedprecision of evaluation,they should be employed.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The metric equivalents of inch-pound unitsmay be approximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and PlywoodD1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-ticle Panel Materials1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 onWood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on FundamentalTest Methods and Properties.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originallyapproved in 1959.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D1666 87(2004).DOI:10.1520/D1666-11.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD4933 Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood andWood-Based MaterialsD7438 Practice for Field Calibration and Application ofHand-Held Moisture Meters3.Definitions and Descriptions of Terms3.1 A number of special terms relating to wood and tomachining are used in describing the procedures for the variousmachining studies.Definitions and descriptions of a number ofthe important terms used are presented in Appendix X1.4.Significance and Use4.1 Machining tests are made to determine the workingqualities and characteristics of different species of wood and ofdifferent wood-base panel materials under a variety of machineoperations such as are encountered in commercial manufactur-ing practice.The tests provide a s