ASTM_D_150_-_11.pdf

Designation:D15011Standard Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity(DielectricConstant)of Solid Electrical Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D150;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the determination of relativepermittivity,dissipation factor,loss index,power factor,phaseangle,and loss angle of specimens of solid electrical insulatingmaterials when the standards used are lumped impedances.Thefrequency range addressed extends from less than 1 Hz toseveral hundred megahertz.NOTE1In common usage,the word relative is frequently dropped.1.2 These test methods provide general information on avariety of electrodes,apparatus,and measurement techniques.A reader interested in issues associated with a specific materialneeds to consult ASTM standards or other documents directlyapplicable to the material to be tested.2,31.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see 7.2.6.1 and 10.2.1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lation(Withdrawn 2013)5D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1082 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and Permittivity(Dielectric Constant)of MicaD1531 Test Methods for Relative Permittivity(DielectricConstant)and Dissipation Factor by Fluid DisplacementProcedures(Withdrawn 2012)5D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD5032 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Means of Aqueous Glycerin SolutionsE104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Means of Aqueous SolutionsE197 Specification for Enclosures and Servicing Units forTests Above and Below Room Temperature(Withdrawn1981)53.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Use Terminology D1711 for definitions of terms usedin these test methods and associated with electrical insulationmaterials.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 capacitance,C,nthat property of a system ofconductors and dielectrics which permits the storage of elec-trically separated charges when potential differences existbetween the conductors.3.2.1.1 DiscussionCapacitance is the ratio of a quantity,q,of electricity to a potential difference,V.Acapacitance value isalways positive.The units are farads when the charge isexpressed in coulombs and the potential in volts:C 5 q/V(1)3.2.2 dissipation factor,(D),(loss tangent),(tan),ntheratio of the loss index()to the relative permittivity()whichis equal to the tangent of its loss angle()or the cotangent ofits phase angle()(see Fig.1 and Fig.2).D 5/(2)3.2.2.1 Discussiona:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.Current edition approved Aug.1,2011.Published August 2011.Originallyapproved in 1922.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D150 98R04.DOI:10.1520/D0150-11.2R.Bartnikas,Chapter 2,“Alternating-Current Loss and PermittivityMeasurements,”Engineering Dielectrics,Vol.IIB,Electrical Properties of SolidInsulating Materials,Measurement Techniques,R.Bartnikas,Editor,STP 926,ASTM,Philadelphia,1987.3R.Bartnikas,Chapter 1,“Dielectric Loss in Solids,”Engineering Dielectrics,Vol IIA,Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Materials:Molecular Structure andElectrical Behavior,R.Bartnikas and R.M.Eichorn,Editors,STP 783,ASTMPhiladelphia,1983.4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D 5 tan 5 cot 5 Xp/Rp5 G/Cp5 1/CpRp(3)where:G=equivalent ac conductance,Xp=parallel reactance,Rp=equivalent ac parallel resistance,Cp=parallel capacitance,and=2f(sinusoidal wave shape assumed).The reciprocal of the dissipation factor is the quality factor,Q,sometimes called the storage factor.The dissipation factor,D,of the capacitor is the same for both the series and parallelrepresentations as follows:D 5 RsCs5 1/RpCp(4)The relationships between series and parallel component