ASTM_C_329_-_88_2016.pdf

Designation:C32988(Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forSpecific Gravity of Fired Ceramic Whiteware Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C329;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of specificgravity of fired ceramic whiteware materials under prescribedconditions.NOTE1This test method is not applicable to materials attacked bywater.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of PigmentsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3.Significance and Use3.1 Measurement of specific gravity is a tool for determin-ing the degree of maturation of a ceramic body.4.Apparatus and Materials4.1 Analytical Balance and Weights.4.2 Pycnometers,of 50-mL capacity,consisting of suitablebottles with capillary tube stoppers.4.3 Thermometer,calibrated at 0.5C intervals in the roomtemperature range.4.4 Drying Oven.4.5 Weighing Bottle.4.6 Desiccator.4.7 Vacuum SourceA suitable apparatus to produce avacuum equivalent to an absolute pressure of less than 1.0-in.(25.4-mm)Hg.4.8 Distilled Water,that has been freshly evacuated,orboiled and cooled,to remove dissolved air.5.Sample Preparation5.1 When possible,the sample for test shall consist of atleast two pieces totaling 100 to 150 g taken from differentportions of the material in such a way as to exclude skinsurfaces in so far as possible.The sample shall be selected soas to be representative of the material to be tested.5.2 The pieces shall be crushed,if necessary,betweenhardened steel surfaces.The specimen shall then be reduced to25 to 50 g by quartering,and any magnetic material introducedby crushing shall be removed.This specimen shall be groundin a suitable mortar so that it will pass a 150-m(No.100)sieve,conforming to Specification E11,or its equivalent.Careshall be taken at all stages of the crushing,grinding,andquartering to minimize the introduction of impurities and retainall material even though difficult to grind.6.Procedure6.1 Make all determinations in duplicate.Determine allweights in this procedure to the nearest 0.0001 g.6.2 Place the ground specimen in a glass weighing bottleand dry to constant weight at 105 to 110C.Close the bottlewith a glass stopper immediately upon removal from the oven.6.3 Dry the pycnometer and stopper at 105 to 110C,cool toroom temperature in a desiccator,weigh on an analyticalbalance,and record the weight as p.Fill the pycnometer bottlewith distilled water at room temperature,t1,insert the stopper,and remove the excess water on the tip of the capillary bymeans of filter paper.Weigh the pycnometer and contents andrecord the weight as W1.Empty and dry the pycnometer.6.4 Place about 8 to 12 g of the dried specimen in the drypycnometer;weigh the pycnometer,stopper,and specimen andrecord the weight as W.Add distilled water until the bottle isapproximately one half full,and,to remove entrapped air,firststir the specimen and water thoroughly with a glass rod.Thenremove the glass rod,using a small quantity of distilled waterto wash back into the pycnometer any particles of specimen1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.Current edition approved July 1,2016.Published July 2016.Originally approvedin 1953.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C329 88(2011).DOI:10.1520/C0329-88R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 adhering to the rod.Finally subject the specimen and water toa reduced air pressure of less than 1.0-in.(25.4-mm)Hg(abs).NOTE2A suitable method for evacuation of gas is described in 5.5 ofTest Methods D153.6.5 Fill the bottle,after evacuation with distilled water atroom temperature,t2,insert the stopper,and remove the excesswater on the tip of the capillary by means of filter paper.Weighthe pycnometer and contents,and record the weight as W2.6.6 Temperatures t1and t2shall be reported to the nearest0.5C and shall not differ by more than 5C.7.Calculation7.1 Calculate the specific gravity with respect to wa