ASTM_D_2177_-_99_2003.pdf

Designation:D 2177 99(Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forInk Absorption of Blotting Paper1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2177;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method2covers the determination of the rate atwhich blotting papers absorb writing ink.Its applicability toother papers and liquids has not been determined.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductsD 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing2.2Federal Standards:TT-I-55563b43.Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method is based on the determination of thelength of time required to absorb completely 1 mL of astandard writing ink at 23C(73.4F).4.Significance and Use4.1 The results from this test method have been found usefulin predicting and specifying the absortive qualities of blottingpapers.5.Apparatus5.1 PipetA 1-mL measuring pipet graduated in divisionsof 0.01 mL.5.2 SupportA 75-mm(3-in.)inside diameter metal ring,400-mL glass beaker,or other suitable support.5.3 Stop Watch.6.Test Liquid6.1 FormulaThe standard ink used for this test is inaccordance with the following formula:Gallic acid,National Formulary,VII Edition,g5.0Ferrous sulfate,FeSO47H2O,USP,g7.5Tartaric acid,USP,g1.0Sodium benzoate,USP,g1.0Soluble blue dye,Color Index 42755,acid blue 22,Ag3.5Distilled water to make a volume of 1000 mL at 20C(68F)AAvailable from Pylam Products Company,Inc.,1001 StewartAve.,Garden City,NY 11530.6.2 In a 1-L volumetric flask put 5 g of gallic acid,1 g oftartaric acid,and 1 g of sodium benzoate,and add 750 mL ofdistilled water.Set the flask in a vessel of water,but resting ona piece of wire netting or other support so that the bottom of theflask is not in direct contact with the outer vessel.Graduallyheat the water in the outer vessel to about 60C(140F)andswirl the flask frequently until the gallic acid and tartaric acidare all dissolved.Add 7.5 g of ferrous sulfate and again swirlthe flask to dissolve the iron salt.Then filter into the flask asolution of 3.5 g of soluble blue dye in 175 mL of distilledwater.Wash the beaker in which the dye was dissolved withtwo or three 10-mL portions of distilled water which are to bepoured into the funnel to rinse the filter paper.Finally,let theflask and contents cool to 20C(68F),fill to the mark withdistilled water,and mix thoroughly.NOTE1It is important that the iron content of the ferrous sulfate beknown.When exposed to the air,ferrous sulfate crystals lose part of theirwater of crystallization and are no longer correctly represented by theformula FeSO47H2O.The loss in weight may be as much as 20%of theweight of crystals that have the correct formula.In 7.5 g of unweatheredcrystals there are 1.5068 g of iron.If the salt has lost 20%in weight,6 gof it will contain 1.5068 g of iron,and the 7.5 g called for by the formulawill contain 1.8835 g of iron,or 25%more than it should.One litre of inkmade with 7.5 g of this weathered salt may be expected to depositsediment in a short time.How much water of crystallization is lostdepends upon the conditions under which the ferrous sulfate is kept and,before weighing out the required quantity needed to make 1 L of ink itshould be analyzed and the required weight of the salt calculated.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Feb.10,1999.Published May 1999.Originallypublished as D 2177 63 T.Last previous edition D 2177 87(1994).2This test method is related to the TAPPI Method T 431cm 88.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4D,700 RobbinsAve.,Philadelphia,PA 191115094.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.7.Sampling7.1 The paper shall be sampled in accordance with PracticeD 585.8.Test Specimen8.1 From each test unit of the sample,obtain 10 represen-tative test specimens,each 100 by 100 mm(4 by 4 in.).Thetest specimens shall be cut from a test unit in such a way as tobe thoroughly repre