ASTM_C_43_-_08.pdf

Designation:C 43 08Standard Terminology ofStructural Clay Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 43;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This terminology contains terms and definitions of termsassociated with the standards specific to masonry units androofing tile manufactured by firing clay and shale raw materi-als.1.2 The definitions and definitions of terms in this terminol-ogy pertain to Specifications C 32,C 34,C 56,C 62,C 126,C 212,C 216,C 279,C 410,C 652,C 902,C 1088,C 1167,C 1261,C 1272,C 1405,and Test Methods C 67.1.3 Generic terminology for masonry is found in Terminol-ogy C 1232.Terminology C 1232 also applies to masonry unitsmanufactured by firing clay and shale raw materials.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 32 Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick(MadeFrom Clay or Shale)C 34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing WallTileC 56 Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing TileC 62 Specification for Building Brick(Solid Masonry UnitsMade From Clay or Shale)C 67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural ClayFacing Tile,Facing Brick,and Solid Masonry UnitsC 212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC 216 Specification for Facing Brick(Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C 279 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry UnitsC 410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC 652 Specification for Hollow Brick(Hollow MasonryUnits Made From Clay or Shale)C 902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickC 1088 Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units MadeFrom Clay or ShaleC 1167 Specification for Clay Roof TilesC 1232 Terminology of MasonryC 1261 Specification for Firebox Brick for Residential Fire-placesC 1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving BrickC 1405 Specification for Glazed Brick(Single Fired,BrickUnits)3.Terminology3.1 Terms and Definitions:RAW MATERIALSclay,nan earthy or stony mineral aggregate consistingessentially of hydrous silicates of alumina,plastic whensufficiently pulverized and wetted,rigid when dry,andvitreous when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.fire clay,na sedimentary clay of low flux content.reactive particulates,na particle or particles present in aclay body,which when near the surface may flake off orcause an eruption(pop-outs)of the surface when exposed tothe weather.shale,na thinly stratified,consolidated,sedimentary claywith well-marked cleavage parallel to the bedding.surface clay,nan unconsolidated,unstratified clay,occur-ring on the surface.MANUFACTUREbody colorthe range of color obtained when materials usedto form the brick react to the effects of firing temperature andatmosphere.DISCUSSIONThere may be additives in the body to produce a desiredcolor.When no materials are added to the surface of the brick and theunit is not flashed when fired,the body color is also the through-bodycolor,a surface feature.cells/core holes,ncontinuous openings or perforationswithin extruded clay products.DISCUSSIONThe extent of permissible openings is specified for eachproduct as the percentage of gross area in the normal bedding surfaceplane that must be net(solid)area.Core hole is generally used for brickwhile cell is used for structural tile.Cells are distinguished from coreholes by being larger in size.As an illustration,cells must be larger than1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.08 on Terminology.Current edition approved June 1,2008.Published July 2008.Originally approvedin 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 43 07.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Thu Aug 14 00:14:49 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byNational Taiwan University pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.1 in.2(645 mm2)under Specification C 34,and 112in.2(968 mm2)under Specification C 652.coring,vthe process of perforating structural clay products,generally performed during extrusion by supporting cores(rods)within the shaping cap of the extruder.extrusion,nshaping of brick by pushing plastic clay or shalethrough a die opening that forms the peripheral dimensionsof the brick.DISCUSSIONThe column of extrudate is then cut into sections toprovi