ASTM_D_1144_-_99_2016.pdf

Designation:D114499(Reapproved 2016)Standard Practice forDetermining Strength Development of Adhesive Bonds1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1144;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of the strengthdevelopment of adhesive bonds when tested on a standardspecimen under specified conditions of preparation and testing.It is applicable to adhesives in liquid or paste form that requirecuring at specified conditions of time and temperature orspecific substrate preparation.It is intended primarily to beused with metal-to-metal adherends;however,plastics,woods,glass,or combinations of these may be substituted.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D907 Terminology of AdhesivesD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading(Metal-to-Metal)D1338 Practice for Working Life of Liquid or Paste Adhe-sives by Consistency and Bond Strength3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSeveral terms in this practice are defined inaccordance with Terminology D907.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 activator,or accelerator(surface),nan adhesivecuring agent that is applied to a bonding surface for the purposeof affecting or speeding,or both,the cure of an adhesive.3.2.2 fixture time(set time),nthe shortest time required byan adhesive to develop handling strength such that test speci-mens can be removed from fixtures,unclamped,or handledwithout stressing the bond,thereby affecting bond strength.3.2.3 handling strength,na low level of strength initiallyobtained by an adhesive that allows specimens to be handled,moved,or unclamped without causing disruption of the curingprocess or affecting bond strength.4.Significance and Use4.1 This practice contains suggested provisions for report-ing strength values.Any ASTM test method for determiningstrength properties of adhesive bonds may be used.Thispractice is not intended to determine the pot or working life oftwo-component epoxy of similar type adhesives.Refer toPractice D1338.It should be noted that there are adhesiveswhose testing requires special techniques and whose propertiesare difficult to reproduce from tester to tester.These variablesshould be kept in mind when analyzing the data obtained usingthis practice.5.Test Specimens5.1 It is suggested that lap-type shear specimens in accor-dance with Test Method D1002,be used.Other types of testspecimens may be used with agreement between the manufac-turer and the purchaser.6.Preparation of Test Specimens6.1 Prepare test specimens in accordance with Test MethodD1002,or other applicable test method.Prepare the bondingsurface by a method mutually agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser.Vapor phase degreasing,gritblasting,hand abrasion,or testing on oiled surfaces are some ofthe methods that are available.If a surface activator oraccelerator is used,apply it in accordance with the instructionsof the manufacturer.Use one-or two-surface activation asagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.Allow assembled specimens to cure at the temperature andperiod of time prescribed by the manufacturer to develop fullstrength.This is intended to determine if any post curing of theadhesive occurs that would cause a strength increase anddecrease.Bond strength variability could be caused by em-brittlement or a further hardening of the adhesive during thecure cycle.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesivesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on Working Properties.Current edition approved May 1,2016.Published May 2016.Originallyapproved in 1952.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1144 99(2011).DOI:10.1520/D1144-99R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.2 In addition,prepare assemblies for curing at the sametemperature and time intervals to determine fixture time and20,50,and 80%strength.If the adhesive is cured by heat,heatthe specimens at a predetermined rate such that a co