ASTM_D_2151_-_95_2000.pdf

Designation:D 2151 95(Reapproved 2000)Standard Practice forStaining of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)Compositions by RubberCompounding Ingredients1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2151;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice measures the tendency for staining of apoly(vinyl chloride)composition to occur due to migration intothe plastic of a staining antioxidant(or other compoundingadditive)from rubber with which it is in intimate contact.1.2 This practice may be used to determine relative stainingresistance of vinyl compounds by testing them against a singlestandard rubber composition(Note 1).It may also be used tocompare relative staining tendencies of two or more rubbercompositions by testing them against a single standard poly-(vinyl chloride)composition.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.NOTE1The preparation of suggested standard compositions is de-scribed in the Appendix X1.This procedure may also be applicable todetermine stain resistance of plastic materials other than poly(vinylchloride)in contact with rubber.NOTE2There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 925 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStaining of Sur-faces(Contact,Migration and Diffusion)2D 1249 Specification for Octyl Ortho-Phthalate Ester Plas-ticizers3D 1712 Practice for Resistance of Plastics to Sulfide Stain-ing3D 1755 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)Resins3D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D 3186 Test Method for RubberEvaluation of SBR(Styrene-Butadiene Rubber)Mixed with Carbon Black orCarbon Black and Oil2G 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type)With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials43.Significance and Use3.1 Compounding ingredients used in the manufacture ofrubber can migrate into some vinyl compositions in contactwith the rubber.These materials can then cause staining of thevinyl either immediately,or under the action of ultravioletlight.This latter behavior is especially likely when certainantioxidants migrate into the vinyl.Although they may berelatively colorless in their pure state,the action of light cantransform these antioxidants into chromophoric agents.NOTE3Vinyl compositions containing lead,cadmium,mercury,orantimony compounds may stain when in contact with rubber due to theformation of colored sulfides.This type of stain is due to chemicalinteraction between ingredients in the rubber and the vinyl compounds.Sulfide stain tendencies of vinyl compositions can be determined byPractice D 1712.4.Apparatus4.1 For Test Specimen Preparation A mill,a press,andother auxiliary equipment for the preparation of test specimens.4.2 OvenAn oven of the forced-air or convection type,having the following characteristics:4.2.1 Control the oven by an accurate thermoregulator,maintaining set point within 60.5C(0.9F)or better.4.2.2 Equip the oven with a calibrated ASTM thermometer,and the proper stem correction shall be applied to the tempera-ture measurement.4.2.3 Maintain the oven at the temperature of test for at least1 h prior to insertion of the test specimens.4.2.4 Determine the uniformity of temperature over the areaon which the specimens are to be aged by means of thermo-couple readings prior to the start of the test.4.3 WeightsWeights(for example,lead shot in a suitable1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.Current edition approved March 15,1995.Published May 1995.Originallypublished as D 2151 63 T.Last previous edition D 2151 89.This edition contains changes in Sections 1 and 10 to include an ISO equivalencystatement and Keywords.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 09.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 08.01.4Discontinued:see 2000 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.04.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.NOTICE:This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.flat-bottom container)to exert a pressure of 10 g/cm2on thetest specimens.4.4 Light SourceIntense light sources such as those de-scribed in Practice G 23 shall be used.5.Sampling5.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the pertinentconsiderations outlined in Practice D 1898.6.Test Specim